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What is a negative feedback? • DO NOW: Why can´t we keep holding our breaths indefinitely? • It is winter and the temperature in your classroom has been soraing to 85ºF, high above 70ºF to which the thermostat is set. The electrician advised you that the thermostat was not working. • Explain how does the thermostat work to regulate the temperature of the room. • Your body´s “thermostat” is set at 98ºF (37ºC). How is this temperature maintained when you are in very hot or cold environment. 1. Temperature decreases _______ outdoors. outdoors. 2. Thermometer registers temperature decrease inside 3. Thermostat calls ____the thefurnace furnacefor forheat ____ 4. Furnace generates heat _____ 5. Temperature increases ______ inside inside 6. Temperature reaches _______the thethermostat thermostat setting 7. Thermostat does ________ not call thethe furnace furnace for heat 8. Furnace stops _____generating generatingheat heat 9. Temperature decreases _______ inside inside 1. Temperature ________ decreases outdoors. skin 2. ________ registers body temperature brain calls the _______ muscles for heat 3. ________ muscles shiver and generate heat 4. _________ 5. Body temperature ___________ increases 6. Body temperature reaches the ______ setting brain does not call the_______ muscles 7. __________ for heat 8. Muscles stop ____________________ shivering decreases 9. Body temperature ________________ 1. During exercise the CO2 level increases. 2. Heart registers CO2 increase in blood 3. Brain calls the respiratory muscles to speed up 4. Respiration rate increases 5. CO2 level decreases in blood 6. Heart detects CO2 decrease 7. Brain call the respiratory muscles to slow down 8. Respiratory rate decreases 9. CO2 increases in blood What does a negative feedback look like? 1. The role of insulin is To take glucose out of the bloodstream and store it in the liver an muscles. To promote glucose entry into cells To decrease the glucose level in blood. 2. The role of glucagon is To promote the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. To increase the glucose level in blood. 3. The line graph is an example of Homeostasis Negative feedback Dynamic Equilibrium 4. Both, glucagon and insulin, are hormones that work together to To maintain a constant glucose level in blood How does homeostasis work? Fill in the blanks of the following paragraph. Use the words on the list. The same word can be use more than once. Glucose, glucagon ,fat, increase, skeletal muscles, decrease, insulin, liver, For those who ate breakfast or lunch today, increases blood glucose levels _____________after eating. insulin The pancreas releases ______________. Insulin stimulates cells throughout the body glucose out of the bloodstream. to take ________ Glucose taken out of the circulation is stored in __________ and liver ____________________, or converted to Skeletal muscles fat _______. Within one or two hours after eating, the decreases level of blood glucose ______________ Then, pancreas releases ______________. glucagon Glucagon stimulates the cells of the liver _________ and skeletal muscles to break down complex sugar and increase glucose ____________ levels in the blood. Glucagon also causes fat cells to break down fats so that they can be used for the glucose production of ________________. When blood calcium levels are too high, the (gland) thyroid _________ calcitonin secretes (hormone) _________. calcitonin (Hormone) _______________ stimulates calcium deposition in the bones. Therefore, calcium leves in blood (increases decreases /decreases) ________________. If calcium levels drop too low, parathyroid the (gland) ________________ PTH secretes (hormone) _________. PTH (Hormone) ________________ stimulates bone cells to release some of the calcium store in bone into the bloodstream. Then, calcium leves in blood increases (increases /decreases) ________. What does a negative feedback look like? 1. State a title for the graph: Glucose level in blood between 7 am to 11 am 2. Identify chemical X. 3. Insulin Which individuals will most likely need injections of chemical X? Explain your answer Individual #2 because he/she does not produce insulin 4. State one reason for the change in blood glucose level between 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m. They had a meal containing carbohydrates. Or they had breakfast. 5. What term refers to the relatively constant level of blood glucose of individual 1 between 9:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m.? Homeostasis Steady state Dynamic equilibrium. How does homeostasis work in plants? Plants keep their stomata open just enough to allow photosynthesis to take place but not so much that they lose an excessive amount of water. Carbon Dioxide CO2 Oxygen O2, Water Vapor H2O(v) Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight Leaf pores are open. Guard cells are filled up with water Leaf pores are closed. Guard cells shrink because the lack of water The plant would not carry out photosynthesis and eventually would die closed open open open closed closed open open closed The presence of water To control the exchange of gases and the performance of photosynthesis What is a negative feedback? 1. How do you explain what a negative feedback is? A negative feedback is a process that control and maintain stable the vital signs 2. You are doing some exercise. Explain how your body maintains the balance of CO2 level in blood. During exercise CO2 level increases in blood. The body speed up the respiration rate in order to release more CO2 and decreases the CO2 level 3. Give a few examples of negative feedback from everyday life. Keeping body temperature near 98 F Balance CO2 level in blood Exchange of gases and photosynthesis in plants Maintenance of glucose level in blood Maintenance of calcium level in blood 1.- What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is a state of balance in the body. 2.- What is another word for “homeostasis”? Dynamic equilibrium or steady state 3.- Why is homeostasis constantly threatened? Because the organism’s external an internal environment is constantly changing 4.- Explain how does an organism maintain homeostasis? The organism detects changes in the environment and respond with an action that return the organism’s system to normal 5.- As an example of maintaining homeostasis, how do organisms readjust body temperature? If temperature is above normal the body sweats, if temperature is below normal the muscles shake 6.- Draw a graph that shows a regular pattern of body temperature. Explain what that graph means related to homeostasis. 7.- Describe what is “dynamic equilibrium”. The constant small corrections that keep the internal environment within the limits needed for survival 8.- What can interfere with homeostasis or dynamic equilibrium? Microorganism and diseases