Download Civil War - West Point High School

Secession and the Start of the War
• After the election of
Lincoln in 1860,
South Carolina
passed a secession
ordinance on
December 20, 1860.
Abraham Lincoln
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A Nation Divided
Mississippi,Florida,
Alabama,Georgia,
Louisiana,and Texas
soon followed
( 7 states total )and
formed the Confederate
States of America
( CSA).
Jefferson Davis was
elected as the President
of the CSA.
Jefferson Davis
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North vs. South: Advantages and Disadvantages
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North- Advantages:
Had industries and resources to wage war
Had larger population – 21.5 million
Had established government
Had an army and navy
Had support of runaway slaves
• North- Disadvantages:
• Had to invade and defeat the South
• Had inadequate Generals
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South- Advantages
Fighting on home soil to protect home, family and way of life
Had excellent Generals
More familiar with guns and horses.
To win, they needed to keep the North out and fight a defensive war
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South – Disadvantages
Less population - 9 million ( almost 3 million were slaves)
Almost no industrialization
Almost no resources
Had to create a central government
Had to create a navy and army
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Multiple Causes of the Civil War
Sectional tensions and political failures
• 1. 3/5 Compromise ( 1787) - led to increased
sectionalism
• 2. Cotton Gin – 1793- Led to greater demand for slaves
in the deep South.
• 3. Louisiana Purchase 1803 – As America pushed
westward, the issue of more slavery became more
controversial.
• 4. Missouri Compromise 1820- Sectional differences are
temporarily settled between representation of slave and
free states.
• 5. Nullification Crisis- 1832 First act of defiance from a
Southern state threatening secession.
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6. Compromise of 1850- Issue of slavery in the territories intensified.
7. Fugitive Slave Law- Extremely controversial and angered Northerners
8. 1852- Uncle Tom’s Cabin - a novel written by Harriett Beecher Stowe
which examined the cruelty of slavery as a moral issue and intensified the
animosity between the North and South.
9. Kansas –Nebraska Act of 1854- Pro and anti slavery supporters flood
into Kansas and vote and then fight for their position on slavery.
Bleeding Kansas- Demonstrated that people were willing to die for their
beliefs which left little room for compromise.
10. Dred Scott Decision- The Supreme Court decision stated that slavery
was legal in all territories and the Missouri Compromise was therefore
unconstitutional. No room for compromises remained.
11. John Brown’s Raid on the Federal Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry- 1859- The
attempt by Brown to arm slaves and lead to a massive slave uprising
convinced many Southerners that war now inevitable.
12. Election of Abraham Lincoln- Southerners felt that the US no longer
represented the interest of the South and South Carolina seceded followed
by Alabama, Florida, Texas, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi.
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Overall Causes
• Sectional disagreements over tariffs, states’ rights, and the
extension of slavery in the territories.
• Northern abolitionists versus Southern defenders of slavery
• Ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850’s
• Failed compromises
• President Lincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861
• The first 7 Southern States form the Confederate States of America
and demand the removal of all Federal troops.
• After the Confederates fire on Ft. Sumter in Charleston, SC; Virginia,
North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas join the CSA.
• The Civil War Begins.
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A Nation Divided
MI
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1861= 11 Confederate States
19 Union States
4 Border States
West Virginia joins Union in 1863 = 20 Union States
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Confederate Flag
• “Stars and Bars”
Official Flag
“ Southern Cross”
Battle Flag
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Civil War Begins
• April 12, 1861 - At 4:30 a.m.
Confederates fire upon Fort
Sumter in Charleston, South
Carolina.
• The Civil War begins.
• Virginia, North Carolina,
Tennessee and Arkansas
join the CSA
• Total 11 Confederate States
Fort Sumter
• CSA Capitol- Richmond, Va.
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• July 21, 1861- First
Battle of Bull Run
• (Manassas)
• Confederate victory
• Thomas J. Jackson
earns his nickname,
“Stonewall” , as his
brigade resists Union
attacks
• The nation realizes this
will be a long war.
• Stonewall Jackson
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Western Theatre 1862
• Union Gen. Ulysses
S. Grant captures
Fort Henry and Fort
Donaldson in
Tennessee
Ulysses S. Grant
• Heavy losses at
Battle of Shiloh –
Union victory
• Memphis and New
Orleans-Union victories
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Eastern Theatre 1862
• March 8,9
• Battle of first two
“Ironclads” the Monitor
and Merrimac
off Hampton Roads,
Virginia
Monitor
CSA Virginia (ex Merrimac)
“Tin can on a shingle”
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• Peninsula Campaign 1862
• Union Gen. McClellan
advances toward
Richmond.
• McClellan is defeated
by Robert E. Lee at
Seven Pines and 7
Days Battle.
• Confederate victories.
Gen. McClellan
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• General Robert E.
Lee is named
Commander of the
Army of Northern
Virginia.
Gen. Robert E. Lee
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• August 29,30 1862• 2nd Battle of Bull Run
• (Manassas)
Bull Run Creek
• Confederate Forces
defeat Union forces,
under the command
or a new Union
commander, General
Pope.
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• September 17, 1862
• General Lee invades
into Maryland ( to
take the war out of
Virginia and force a
surrender) and
retreats after the
bloody battle of
Antietam
• Bloodiest day of the
war.
• Confederate dead at Miller’s
cornfield
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• December 13, 1862
• Union forces under
Gen. Burnside suffer
a crushing defeat at
Fredericksburg, Va.,
after 14 assaults on
Marye’s Heights.
• Fredericksburg, Va.
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1863
• Lincoln issues the
Emancipation
Proclamation- freeing
slaves held in
Confederate territories
• The war now is to
preserve the Union and
to end slavery
• Leads to the 13th
Amendment- which
abolished slavery.
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• May 1-4, 1863 Union
forces under Gen.
Hooker are defeated at
Chancellorsville, Va.
• General Lee divided his
Confederate Army,
twice, and still defeated
Hooker.
• At Chancellorsville,
Confederate Gen.
Stonewall Jackson is
accidentally
shot and killed by his
own men.
Stonewall Jackson
Jackson has his left arm
amputated. Lee states he
has lost his right arm.
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• July- 1863 Union
General Grant begins
siege of Vicksburg,
Mississippi
• Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
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Gettysburg -Turning Point
• July 1-3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
• Gen. Lee invades into Pennsylvania, hoping to
force an end to the war.
• Pickett’s Charge- on July 3 - represented a
gallant Confederate charge which ended in
disaster.
• General Lee is defeated by General Meade.
• This battle Represents the beginning of the end 22
for the Confederacy
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Gettysburg Photos
• July 3, 1863
Day 3
Union position- The Fish Hook
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The Ditch
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Gettysburg Address
• November 19, 1863
Lincoln delivers the
Gettysburg Address
Page 1
This address honors the
fallen and restates the
desire for a united nation
under new freedoms.
Lincoln also believed the
Civil War was a Second
American Revolution.
Score = 20 years
4 score and 7 = 87 years.
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Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation,
conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that
war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who
here gave their lives that this nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we
should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far
above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what
we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be
dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly
advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they
gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall
not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the
earth.
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• July 4, 1863- Vicksburg falls to Union forces- led by Gen.
Grant.
• Union now controls the Mississippi River and the
Confederacy is split.
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1864
• General Grant given command of Northern
forces and invades Virginia with over 120,000
troops
• May- battle of the Wilderness-Confederate
victory
• May, 1864- Lee and Grant fight to a draw at
Spotsylvania Court House
• June, 1864- at Cold Harbor, Union forces suffer
heavy losses, but Grant continues to pursue
Lee.
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• June- 1864
• Grant lays siege to
Petersburg, Va.
• Union troops dig a
tunnel under
Confederate lines and
set off kegs of
gunpowder to get
behind Confederate
lines.
• The hole was called the
“ Crater.” This plan
failed.
• Siege cannon-called
the Dictator
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• September 2, 1864
• Union forces under Gen. W. T.
Sherman capture Atlanta, Ga.
William Tecumseh Sherman
Atlanta, Ga.
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• Nov. - Dec. 1864• “Sherman’s March to
the Sea”
• Sherman’s march
from Atlanta to
Savannah- a
destructive path 60
miles wide.
• Estimated worth of
destruction- 80
million- to destroy the
South’s will to fight Sherman then moves north and burns Columbia,
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SC.
1865
• April 2, 1865
Richmond, Va.
• Confederates
evacuate Petersburg
and Richmond and
head West.
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Civil War Ends
• April 9, 1865General Robert E.
Lee surrenders
Confederate Army to
General Ulysses S.
Grant at Appomattox
Court House
• Union is saved.
McLean House- site of
surrender
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Assassination of Lincoln
• April 14, 1865
• Lincoln is assassinated at
Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes
Booth
Lincoln’s Funeral
John Wilkes Booth
Petersen House – where Lincoln died
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• Four conspirators
• Hanging.
Sic Semper Tyrannis - Thus always to tyrants
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Toll of the War
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620,000 dead
50,000 amputees
Southern cities lay in ruins
Southern railroads destroyed
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• Civil Wa Recon. pp Review.pptx
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Create a three color Key: Color Union, Confederate and
Border States
You may add WV in 1863
M
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