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Slavery Divides
the Nation
U.S. History
Chapter 16
The Missouri Compromise

Senator Henry
Clay proposed
admitting Missouri
to the Union as a
slave state and
Maine as a free
state
The Missouri Compromise

Compromise
applied to lands in
the Louisiana
Purchase;
ensured balance
of free and slave
states for 30
years
Wilmot Proviso


Western lands added
in 1848 with the
Mexican Cession
Congressman David
Wilmot called for a
law banning slavery in
any territories won
from Mexico
Wilmot Proviso

Southern leaders
opposed the
Wilmot Proviso; did
NOT want slavery
declared illegal in
Mexican Cession
Popular Sovereignty


The right of people
to create their own
government
1849: California
voters approved a
state constitution
banning slavery
Free-Soil Party


Members of both
the northern
Democrat and
Whig opposed the
spread of slavery
Formed Free-Soil
Party to ban
slavery in the
western territories
Compromise of 1850

Addition of CA to
Union in 1850 as free
state upset the
balance of free and
slave states; free
states now had
advantage
Compromise of 1850

Mexican Cession
divided into NM and
UT territories but did
NOT ban slavery
there
Compromise of 1850



Ended slave trade
in nation’s capital
Did NOT ban slave
trade between
slave states
Included strict
fugitive slave law
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850


Required all citizens to
help catch runaway
slaves
Act enraged
antislavery northerners
who declared that they
did not respect nor
would they obey this
law
Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Novel written to
show evils of
slavery and
injustice in Fugitive
Slave Act
Uncle Tom’s Cabin


Northerners became
more opposed to
slavery after reading
the novel
Novel heightened
tensions between
North and South
Kansas-Nebraska Act

Divided territory
into two parts;
created two new
territories in 1854
Kansas-Nebraska Act


Senator Stephen
Douglas: territories would
decide slavery issue by
popular sovereignty
Opponents: “criminal
betrayal of precious
rights.”
Crisis Turns Violent


Both pro and
antislavery forces sent
settlers to Kansas to
fight for control
Border Ruffian:
proslavery person who
rode from Missouri to
Kansas to battle
antislavery forces
Bleeding Kansas


Rivalry between
proslavery and
antislavery settlers
led to violence in
Kansas in 1855
Violent debates
erupted in the
Senate
Abolitionist John Brown


Many northerners
thought radical
abolitionist Brown was a
martyr: he was willing to
give up his life for his
beliefs.
Brown inspired other
abolitionists; folk song
popular with northerners
Dred Scott Case


Dred Scott moved with
his owner from slave to
free territories, but
Supreme Court decided
he was not a free man
Supreme Court said
Congress did not have
power to outlaw slavery
in any territory
Dred Scott Case



White southerners were
happy that slavery was
legal in all territories;
reversed Missouri
Compromise
Supreme Court decision
was condemned by free
African Americans
Abolitionist Frederick
Douglass
Republican Party Emerges


Like Free-Soil Party,
Republicans main goal
was to keep slavery out
of western territories
Republicans were
dissatisfied with weak
stand on slavery taken
by Whigs and
Democrats
Lincoln-Douglas Debates


Lincoln ran against
Stephen Douglas for
Illinois senator
Series of debates
between Lincoln and
Douglas focused
primarily on slavery
issue
Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Despite losing to
Douglas, Lincoln
became nationally
known for his
antislavery stance
Election of 1860

Regional attitudes
toward slavery led
to the election of
Lincoln to the
Presidency of the
United States
Election of 1860

Southern
states seceded
in protest,
forming the
Confederate
States of
America
Civil War Begins


Confederate forces
fired the first shots
of the Civil War at
Ft. Sumter in South
Carolina
Confederate troops
attacked the Union
troops stationed
there
Review Question

A.
B.
C.
1. What was the Wilmot Proviso?
Divided a territory into two parts
Declared Congress unable to ban the slave
trade between slave states
Attempted to ban slavery in territories won
from Mexico
Review Question

A.
B.
C.
1. What was the Wilmot Proviso?
Divided a territory into two parts
Declared Congress unable to ban the slave
trade between slave states
Attempted to ban slavery in territories won
from Mexico
Review Question

2. Which political party was formed in 1848
for the purpose of banning slavery in western
territories?
a.
Free-Soil
Whig
Republican
b.
c.
Review Question

2. Which political party was formed in 1848
for the purpose of banning slavery in western
territories?
a.
Free-Soil
Whig
Republican
b.
c.
Review Question

3. Who was a proslavery person who rode
from Missouri to Kansas to battle antislavery
forces?
a.
Martyr
Fugitive
Border Ruffian
b.
c.
Review Question

3. Who was a proslavery person who rode
from Missouri to Kansas to battle antislavery
forces?
a.
Martyr
Fugitive
Border Ruffian
b.
c.
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
4. What compromise did Henry Clay propose
for admitting Missouri to the Union?
Admit Missouri as a free state and Maine as a
slave state
Admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a
free state
Admit Missouri as a free state and allow
slavery in all other new states
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
4. What compromise did Henry Clay propose
for admitting Missouri to the Union?
Admit Missouri as a free state and Maine as a
slave state
Admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a
free state
Admit Missouri as a free state and allow
slavery in all other new states
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
5. Which of the following is an example of
popular sovereignty?
In 1849, CA voters approve a state
constitution that bans slavery
In 1836, AR becomes a slave state because it is
south of Missouri
In 1837, MI becomes a free state because it is
north of Missouri
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
5. Which of the following is an example of
popular sovereignty?
In 1849, CA voters approve a state
constitution that bans slavery
In 1836, AR becomes a slave state because it is
south of Missouri
In 1837, MI becomes a free state because it is
north of Missouri
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
6. Which statement summarizes the effects of
the Missouri Compromise?
It triggered a sharp rise in the number of free
states shortly after 1848
It helped ensure a balance of slave and free
states for almost 30 years
It ensure a decrease in the number of slave
states
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
6. Which statement summarizes the effects of
the Missouri Compromise?
It triggered a sharp rise in the number of free
states shortly after 1848
It helped ensure a balance of slave and free
states for almost 30 years
It ensure a decrease in the number of slave
states
Review Question

7. Someone who sacrifices his or her own life
for beliefs
a.
Martyr
Fugitive
Border Ruffian
b.
c.
Review Question

7. Someone who rode from Missouri to
Kansas to battle antislavery forces
a.
Martyr
Fugitive
Border Ruffian
b.
c.
Review Question

8. This divided a territory into two parts.
a.
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Fugitive Slave Act
b.
c.
Review Question

8. This divided a territory into two parts.
a.
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Fugitive Slave Act
b.
c.
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
9. Which of the following is NOT among the
terms of the Compromise of 1850?
Northerners are required to help return
runaway slaves to owners
Slavery is banned in New Mexico and Utah
The slave trade is outlawed in Washington,
D.C.
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
9. Which of the following is NOT among the
terms of the Compromise of 1850?
Northerners are required to help return
runaway slaves to owners
Slavery is banned in New Mexico and Utah
The slave trade is outlawed in Washington,
D.C.
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
10. What effect did Uncle Tom’s Cabin have
on public opinion?
Northerners, in general, became more opposed
to slavery
Northerners, in general, became more
sympathetic toward slave owners
Americans, in general, lost interest in the
slavery issue
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
10. What effect did Uncle Tom’s Cabin have
on public opinion?
Northerners, in general, became more opposed
to slavery
Northerners, in general, became more
sympathetic toward slave owners
Americans, in general, lost interest in the
slavery issue
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
11. Which of these generalizations BEST
describes the effect of Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
The novel helped northerners understand why
southerners supported slavery
The novel further heightened tensions
between the North and the South
The novel eased tensions between the North
and South
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
11. Which of these generalizations BEST
describes the effect of Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
The novel helped northerners understand why
southerners supported slavery
The novel further heightened tensions
between the North and the South
The novel eased tensions between the North
and South
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
12. Which of the following can be said of
Abraham Lincoln?
His support for the Kansas-Nebraska Act
made him a Republican leader
His antislavery speeches won him a following
in both the North and the South
His debates with Stephen Douglas won him
fame as an opponent of slavery
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
12. Which of the following can be said of
Abraham Lincoln?
His support for the Kansas-Nebraska Act
made him a Republican leader
His antislavery speeches won him a following
in both the North and the South
His debates with Stephen Douglas won him
fame as an opponent of slavery
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
13. What effect did Abraham Lincoln’s
election in 1860 have on national unity?
Seven southern states seceded in protest
It healed the nation’s political divisions
It caused the South to declare war on the
North
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
13. What effect did Abraham Lincoln’s
election in 1860 have on national unity?
Seven southern states seceded in protest
It healed the nation’s political divisions
It caused the South to declare war on the
North
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
14. Which of the following is TRUE of
Abraham Lincoln?
He became well known nationally when he ran
against Stephen Douglas for President
He became well known nationally despite
losing to Stephen Douglas in the US Senate
race
He was well known nationally before his
debates with Stephen Douglas
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
14. Which of the following is TRUE of
Abraham Lincoln?
He became well known nationally when he ran
against Stephen Douglas for President
He became well known nationally despite
losing to Stephen Douglas in the US Senate
race
He was well known nationally before his
debates with Stephen Douglas
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
15. Why did conflict arise in 1848 in western
territories over the issue of slavery?
Northern congressmen wanted CA to enter
the Union as a free state
Western states wanted to overturn a law that
banned slavery
The legality of slavery had to be decided in
lands added from the Mexican Cession
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
15. Why did conflict arise in 1848 in western
territories over the issue of slavery?
Northern congressmen wanted CA to enter
the Union as a free state
Western states wanted to overturn a law that
banned slavery
The legality of slavery had to be decided in
lands added from the Mexican Cession
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
16. Debates over which of the following
caused violence to erupt on the Senate floor?
The Missouri Compromise
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Compromise of 1850
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
16. Debates over which of the following
caused violence to erupt on the Senate floor?
The Missouri Compromise
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Compromise of 1850
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
17. What was the goal of the Free Soil Party?
To extend slavery in the western territories
To ban slavery in the western territories
To help runaway slaves reach freedom
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
17. What was the goal of the Free Soil Party?
To extend slavery in the western territories
To ban slavery in the western territories
To help runaway slaves reach freedom
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
18. How were the goals of the Republican
Party and the Free-Soil Party alike?
Both wanted to keep slavery out of the
western territories
Both wanted popular sovereignty to decide the
slavery question in territories
Both supported the immediate abolition of
slavery throughout the US
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
18. How were the goals of the Republican
Party and the Free-Soil Party alike?
Both wanted to keep slavery out of the
western territories
Both wanted popular sovereignty to decide the
slavery question in territories
Both supported the immediate abolition of
slavery throughout the US
Review Questions

a.
b.
c.
19. Which of the following led to the
formation of the Republican party in the
1850s?
Dissatisfaction with the weak stand on slavery
taken by the Whigs and Democrats
Dissatisfaction with how the Whigs dealt with
protective tariffs
Belief in the need for stronger support for the
Fugitive Slave Act
Review Questions

a.
b.
c.
19. Which of the following led to the
formation of the Republican party in the
1850s?
Dissatisfaction with the weak stand on slavery
taken by the Whigs and Democrats
Dissatisfaction with how the Whigs dealt with
protective tariffs
Belief in the need for stronger support for the
Fugitive Slave Act
Review Questions

a.
b.
c.
20. To what area did the Missouri
Compromise apply?
Lands from the Mississippi River to the Pacific
Ocean
Lands east of Missouri to the Atlantic Ocean
Lands in the Louisiana Purchase
Review Questions

a.
b.
c.
20. To what area did the Missouri
Compromise apply?
Lands from the Mississippi River to the Pacific
Ocean
Lands east of Missouri to the Atlantic Ocean
Lands in the Louisiana Purchase
Review Questions

a.
b.
c.
21. What declared that Congress unable to ban
the slave trade between slave states
Wilmot Proviso
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act
Review Questions

a.
b.
c.
21. What declared that Congress unable to ban
the slave trade between slave states
Wilmot Proviso
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act
Review Questions

22. What led to violence in Kansas in 1855?
a.
The repeal of the Compromise of 1850
The election of Abraham Lincoln as President
The rivalry between proslavery and antislavery
settlers
b.
c.
Review Questions

22. What led to violence in Kansas in 1855?
a.
The repeal of the Compromise of 1850
The election of Abraham Lincoln as President
The rivalry between proslavery and antislavery
settlers
b.
c.
Review Questions

a.
b.
c.
23. Which of the following statements
correctly describes the issue that led to the
Compromise of 1850?
Admitting TX to the Union in 1850 gave slave
states an advantage that could not be reversed
Admitting CA to the Union in 1850 extended
slavery into a territory acquired from Mexico
Admitting CA to the Union in 1850 gave free
states an advantage over slave states
Review Questions

a.
b.
c.
23. Which of the following statements
correctly describes the issue that led to the
Compromise of 1850?
Admitting TX to the Union in 1850 gave slave
states an advantage that could not be reversed
Admitting CA to the Union in 1850 extended
slavery into a territory acquired from Mexico
Admitting CA to the Union in 1850 gave free
states an advantage over slave states
Review Questions

a.
b.
c.
24. Which statement best expresses the
reaction of many northerners to the Fugitive
Slave Act of 1850?
“We don’t respect this law, and we won’t obey
it.”
“We disagree with this law, even though it
dons not affect us directly.”
“This law justly protects the rights of property
owners.”
Review Questions

a.
b.
c.
24. Which statement best expresses the
reaction of many northerners to the Fugitive
Slave Act of 1850?
“We don’t respect this law, and we won’t obey
it.”
“We disagree with this law, even though it
dons not affect us directly.”
“This law justly protects the rights of property
owners.”
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
25. How did the ruling on the Dred Scott case
affect the slavery debate?
It reversed the Missouri Compromise
It temporarily united antislavery and proslavery
forces
It protected the right of a freed slave to file a
lawsuit
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
25. How did the ruling on the Dred Scott case
affect the slavery debate?
It reversed the Missouri Compromise
It temporarily united antislavery and proslavery
forces
It protected the right of a freed slave to file a
lawsuit
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
26. What was one effect of the Dred Scott
decision?
It was condemned by free African Americans
It led to violence in the Kansas territory
It angered people who supported slavery
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
26. What was one effect of the Dred Scott
decision?
It was condemned by free African Americans
It led to violence in the Kansas territory
It angered people who supported slavery
Review Question


a.
b.
27. How did Southerners react to Abraham
Lincoln’s election?
NC and SC seceded, followed by VA
Southern leaders called for a new presidential
election
Seven southern states seceded and formed the
Confederate States of America
Review Question


a.
b.
27. How did Southerners react to Abraham
Lincoln’s election?
NC and SC seceded, followed by VA
Southern leaders called for a new presidential
election
Seven southern states seceded and formed the
Confederate States of America
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
28. Which statement summarizes the results of
the presidential election of 1860?
National unity led to a landslide victory for the
Republican candidate
Regional attitudes toward slavery decided the
outcome
Moderate voters who wanted a compromise
on slavery determined the winner
Review Question

a.
b.
c.
28. Which statement summarizes the results of
the presidential election of 1860?
National unity led to a landslide victory for the
Republican candidate
Regional attitudes toward slavery decided the
outcome
Moderate voters who wanted a compromise
on slavery determined the winner
Review Question

29. What two new territories were created in
1854?
a.
Oregon and Washington
Kansas and Nebraska
New Mexico and Utah
b.
c.
Review Question

29. What two new territories were created in
1854?
a.
Oregon and Washington
Kansas and Nebraska
New Mexico and Utah
b.
c.
Review Question

30. John Brown inspired
a.
Enslaved people
Other abolitionists
Border Ruffians
b.
c.
Review Question

30. John Brown inspired
a.
Enslaved people
Other abolitionists
Border Ruffians
b.
c.
Review Question

31. How did the Civil War begin?
a.
Confederate troops attacked federal forts off
the coast of Florida
Union troops attacked Confederate forts off
the coast of Florida
Confederate troops attacked Union troops
stationed at Fort Sumter, SC
b.
c.
Review Question

31. How did the Civil War begin?
a.
Confederate troops attacked federal forts off
the coast of Florida
Union troops attacked Confederate forts off
the coast of Florida
Confederate troops attacked Union troops
stationed at Fort Sumter, SC
b.
c.
Good Luck on Your Test!