Download Ch 16 A.P. Society in the 18th Century

WORTH:
European Society in the Old
Regime
Aristocracy
100
200
300
400
500
Peasants
100
200
300
400
500
Agricultural
Revolution
100
200
300
400
500
Industrial
Revolution
100
200
300
400
500
Vocabulary
And Big ideas
100
200
300
400
500
WORTH:
What were Sumptuary Laws?
MAIN
These were the restrictive laws
that Europeans used that
established societal guidelines
for dress and fashion.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT: Aristocracy
MAIN
What was Knights of the Robe or
nobility who had acquired their
titles through serving in the
bureaucracy or purchasing their
titles and Knights of the Sword or
those Knights who had served in
the military?
This was the division in the
French nobility and what each
one of the titles meant.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT: Aristocracy
Who were the hobereaux?
MAIN
This was the name of the poor
provincial French nobles who
were not given high court
offices and revenues and at
times were no better off than
then well to do peasants.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500 SUBJECT: Aristocracy
MAIN
What was the Charter of the
Nobility issued 1785?
This was the royal decree issued by
Catherine II ( the Great) that gave
Russian nobles ( boyars) power over
their serfs, freedom from taxes, and
voluntary service to the state in
exchange for their loyalty to her as
the Tsarina.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500 SUBJECT: Aristocracy
What was agriculture or based on
the land and idleness, no manual
labor ( lives of leisure) ?
MAIN
This was the source of income for
most of Europe’s nobility and
the profession of many of the
nobles especially in a more
absolutist country.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500 SUBJECT: Aristocracy
What were banalities?
MAIN
These were the feudal dues
that most French peasants
were subject to and bound to
pay such as the use of the
lord’s oven to bake bread.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:
Peasants
What was the robot? ( Corvee in
France )
MAIN
This was the term given to
eastern European peasants
requirement of obedient
labor service to the lord of
the manor and hence the
name. ( The Jewish legend of
the Golem comes from such
an automaton )
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:
Peasants
MAIN
Who was Emelyan Pugachev? (
executed in Moscow in 1774)
He was the Russian peasant who
led a rebellion in Russia in 1773
in response to the Charter of
Nobility and promising Russian
serfs land and freedom.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:
Peasants
What was the barshchina?
MAIN
This was the requirement of
Russian peasant serfs to work
six days a week for the lord of
the manor and one of the
many reasons Russian serfs
had the worst fate in Europe.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:
Peasants
MAIN
What was hunting rights and
poaching if not legal by
peasants?
This was the entitlement that
many nobles used and many
peasants were punished for, if
caught, for supplementing
their diets with meat.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:
Peasants
What was the Netherlands or the
MAIN
Low Countries?
This was the country where the new
Agricultural Revolution began with
the use of clovers and turnips to
increase animal fodder and
replenish nutrients and windmills
and dikes to drain and maintain
farmland from floods.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500 SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution
MAIN
Who was Jethro Tull? ( not the
band)
He was the English scientist and
agricultural pioneer who applied
the ideas of the Enlightenment
to agriculture developing a new
design for the plow and a horse
drawn hoe for weed removal as
well as developing the seed drill.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500 SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution
MAIN
Who was Charles (Turnip)
Townsend?
He was the former exchequer to the
King of England who served with
Robert Walpole in the government
of George II and retired to raise and
discuss nothing but turnips and crop
rotation according the Alexander
Pope.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500 SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution
Who was Robert Bakewell? The
Sheep in Colonial Williamsburg are
English Leicester developed by
MAIN
Bakewell.
He was the Englishman who first bred
cattle for their use as food and
improved the size of beef cattle so
that they doubled in weight in using
his selective breeding techniques and
developed stronger draft horses and
larger, prettier, sheep. ( baaaaadd)
WORTH:
200 300 400 500 SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution
What was the Annals of Agriculture ?
MAIN
This was the publication on
agriculture published by Arthur
Young that included essays on
farming techniques, breeding, and
crop advice with submission by King
George III writing under the name
of Ralph Robinson.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500 SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution
Who was Josiah Wedgwood?
MAIN
(His grandson was Charles
Darwin)
He was the innovative potter who
developed a line of porcelain for
the royal family and aristocracy
and then developed cheaper
copies for the general public.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution
MAIN
What was the textile industry?
At first the domestic or putting out
system but as machines for
weaving and spinning grew larger,
the factory was created.
This was the industry that
started the industrial
revolution in Great Britain.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution
What was James Hargreave’s
Spinning Jenny?
MAIN
This was the invention which
allowed the spinners the speed
they needed to keep up with
weavers after the invention of
the flying shuttle by John Kay (
the book says James ).
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution
MAIN
What was Richard Arkwright’s
Water Frame using water power
from swift moving streams?
This was the invention that was
too large for the home and thus
began the factory system and
the birth of a new type of labor.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution
MAIN
What was the steam powered loom
invented by Edmund Cartwright?
This was the inventor and invention
that allowed factories to move their
weaving process away from streams.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution
Who was Priscilla Wakefield?
MAIN
She was the female children’s writer
and feminist, who traveled
throughout Europe and advocated
education for women to compete
in the shrinking job market for
women in the 18th century.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas
What were the Gordon Riots
incited by Lord George Gordon?
MAIN
This was the mob action that
broke out in England when a
rumored Catholic plot was
planned to take over the
country.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas
MAIN
What were the ghettos?
These were areas of the cities of
Europe designated for Jews to
live apart from the general
population.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas
Who was Samuel Oppenheimer?
MAIN
He was the most famous of the
so called “Court Jews” who
helped the Hapsburgs finance
their wars against the Ottoman
Empire and their defense of
Vienna.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas
MAIN
What was the enclosure
movement?
This was the name given to the
combination of numerous
common lands to be used to
make a larger more productive
farm.
WORTH:
200 300 400 500
SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas