Download culture - Effingham County Schools

CULTURE
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BELIEF SYSTEMS
NORMS
VALUES
TOTAL KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES,
BEHAVIORS
• PRACTICED BY PEOPLE
CULTURE GROUPS
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FOLK
SMALL
HOMOGENOUS
RURAL
COHESIVE IN
CULTURAL TRAITS
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POPULAR
LARGE
HETEROGENOUS
URBAN
CHANGING
CULTURAL TRAITS
FOLK
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LOCAL
GROUP IN A PLACE
COLLECTIVE OR COMMUNITY
SHARE EXPERIENCES, CUSTOMS,
TRAITS
• GOAL: PRESERVE ABOVE TO CLAIM
UNIQUENESS AND DISTINGUISH
THEMSELVES FROM OTHERS
FOLK
• CULTURAL TRAITS
• DRESS, DWELLINGS, TRADITIONS,
INSTITUTIONS
• A SINGLE ELEMENT OF NORMAL
PRACTICE
THINK ON THESE…
• AMISH
• ST. PATRICK’S DAY
• POLISH AMERICANS, SWEDISH
AMERICANS
LOCAL
• CONSTANT REFINING, REDEFINING DUE TO
INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CULTURES AND
DIFFUSION OF CULTURAL TRAITS
• ESTABLISHED “HOODS”, CHURCHES,
CENTERS
• EXPRESS MATERIAL CULTURE
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THINGS CONSTRUCTED: ART,
HOUSES, CLOTHING, SPORTS, FOOD
• EXPRESS NONMATERIAL CULURE
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BELIEFS, PRACTICES, AESTHETICS
(PERCEIVED ATTRACTIONS), VALUES
RECALL CULTURAL DIFFUSION
TYPES
• 1. EXPANSION, SPREAD OF IDEA OR INNOVATION THRU POP IN
INCREASING NUMBERS
A. HIERARCHICAL, SPREAD I. OR INN. FIRST, AMONG CONNECTED
PEOPLE AND PLACES
B. CONTAGIOUS, DISTANCE CONTROLLED SPREAD OF I. OR INN.
THRU POP BY PERSON TO PERSON CONTACT
C. STIMULUS, CULTURAL ADAPTATION IS CREATED AS A RESULT OF
INTRODUCTION OF CUL. TRAIT FROM ANOTHER PLACE
EX. INDIA, HAMBURGER
• 2. RELOCATION, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE WITH I. OR INN. TO A
NEW LOCALE TO DISSEMINATE
A. ETHNIC “HOODS”, NYC MARATHON
LOCAL AND POPULAR
CULTURES
• SUMMATIVE STATEMENT
• LOCAL AND POPULAR CULTURES
AFFECT PEOPLE AND PLACES ON
DIFFERENT SCALES
THINK
• EMPLOYING THE CONCEPT OF
HIERARCHICAL DIFFUSION, DESCRIBE
HOW YOU BECAME A “KNOWER” OF
YOUR FAVORITE KIND OF MUSIC.
• WHERE IS ITS HEARTH?
• HOW DID IT REACH YOU?
HOW ARE LOCAL CULTURES
SUSTAINED?
• 1.ASSIMILATION, LOSING ORIGINAL TRAITS
TO THE NEW CUL. OR SOCIETY
• 2.CUSTOM, ROUTINE PRACTICE IN CULTURE
• 3.ISOLATION
• 4.ACCULTURATION, is the exchange of cultural
features that results when groups of individuals having
different cultures come into continuous first hand
contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both
groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct
HOW IS POPULAR CULTURE
DIFFUSED?
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AGRICULTURE, 10,000 YRS
PRINTING PRESS, IND. REV., 100 YRS
FACEBOOK, HOURS
PACE OF DIFFUSION HAS CHANGED!
HOW?
DIFFUSION
• TECH. HAS ALTERED DISTANCE DECAY, DIFFUSION
DECREASES AS TIME AND DISTANCE FROM THE CUL.
HEARTH INCREASES.
• WITH TIME-SPACE COMPRESSION (TSC), DIFFUSION
DEPENDS ON CONNECTIVITY IN COMMUNICATIONS
AND TRANSPORATION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG
PLACES.
• POP. CUL. DIFFUSE HEIRARCHICALLY IN “TSC” WITH
DIFFUSION HAPPENING THE FASTEST IN
COMPRESSED SPACES.
• Advances in communications technology, such as phones, radio
and television broadcasts, and internet, have further decreased
the effects of distance.
DIFFUSION
• Related terms include "friction of distance,"
which describes the force that creates distance
decay and Waldo R. Tobler's First law of
geography, an informal statement that "All
things are related, but near things are more
related than far things."
DIFFUSION
• Distance decay is also evident in town/city centers. It can refer
to:
-the number of pedestrians getting further from the center of
the Central Business District(CBD),
-the street quality decreasing as distance from the center
increases,
-the quality of shops decreasing as distance from the center
increases
-the height of buildings decreasing as distance from the center
increases
-the price of land decreasing as distance from the center
increases
• Distance decay is a geographical term which
describes the effect of distance on cultural or
spatial interactions. The distance decay effect
states that the interaction between two locales
declines as the distance between them increases.
Once the distance is outside of the two locales
activity space their interactions begin to
decrease.
• A few questions you may ask are:
• How far will pedestrians travel to access
different types of destinations?
• How far will bicyclists travel in order to ride on
a bicycle-only facility?
• How far do people drive for their common retail
needs?
• Time-space compression is a term used to
describe processes that seem to accelerate the
experience of time and reduce the significance
of distance during a given historical moment.
• Geographer David Harvey, refers to "processes
that . . . revolutionize the objective qualities of
space and time"
• Time-space compression often refers to
technologies that seem to accelerate spatial and
temporal distances, including technologies of
communication (telegraph, telephones, fax
machines, Internet) and travel (rail, cars, trains,
jets.)
• Time-space compression represents an essential
facet of contemporary life:
• "Today we are entering a space which is speedspace ... This new other time is that of
electronic transmission, of high-tech machines,
and therefore, man is present in this sort of
time, not via his physical presence, but via
programming."
• Theorist, Paul Virilio
• All aspects of pop. Cul. Have a hearth, a place
of origin.
• Usually contagious and then hierarchical
• TEENAGES AND POPULAR CULTURE
• THE MERCHANTS OF COOL VIDEO
• www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/co
ol/
HOW CAN LOCAL AND POPULAR CULTURE
BE SEEN IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE?
• CUL. LANDSCAPE, THE VISIBLE HUMAN
IMPRINT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON THE
LANDSCAPE
• HOW PEOPLE HAVE CHANGED AND
SHAPED ENVIRONMENT
• OFTEN RESULTS IN PLACELESSNESS,
LOSS OF IDENTITY OR UNIQUENESS OF
PLACE IN CUL. LANDSCAPE
THINK
• DRIVE ON GEORGIA HIGHWAY 21 OR
17, EFFINGHAM’S MAJOR ROADWAYS.
• WHAT IS SEEN?
• CONGLOMERATIONS, CLUSTERS
• OTHER?
BLENDING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES
3 DIMENSIONS
• 1. ARCHITICTURE AND CITY PLANNING
DIFFUSION
• EX., DIFFUSION OF SKYSCRAPER
• 2. BUSINESS AND PRODUCT IMPRINTS ON
DISTANT PLACES
• EX., SIGNS
• 3. BORROWING OF LANDSCAPE IMAGES
REGARDLESS OF “FIT”
• EX., LAS VEGAS STRIP, VENICE; TOWN
CENTERS
CULTURAL REGIONS
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NORTH AMERICA
LATIN AMERICA
EUROPE
NORTH AFRICA AND
THE MIDDLE EAST
• SUB SAHARAN
AFRICA
• RUSSA, CENTRAL
ASIA
• SOUTH ASIA
• EAST ASIA
• SOUTHEAST ASIA
• AUSTRALIA AND
PACIFIC ISLANDS