Download The Civil War - Virginia Beach City Public Schools

The Civil War
Brother vs. Brother War
1861-1865
The Tale of 2 Wars
• The Revolutionary War ends in 1781 and the Civil War begins
in 1861.
• How many years have passed? 80 years
• For almost 80 years the new nation called America depended
on slavery to drive the economy.
• People’s views on slavery changed over that 80 years
depending on what part of the country you lived. Why?
Resources of the Northern and
Southern States
North
South
110,000
18,000
Railroad Tracks
21,910 miles
9,390 miles
Skilled Workers
1,300,000
110,000
Total Population
22,000,000
9,105,000
Troops
1,000,000
600,000
Factories
Map of North and South
The Southern Economy
• The south depended on agriculture and owning land
to sustain its economy. The economy of the
southern states relied heavily on slave labor to grow
crops and make money.
• The south did not have as large of a population as
the north. Since growing crops was such a laborious
task and required an enormous amount of man
hours, the south depended on the institution of
slave labor that was introduced to the Virginia
Colony at Jamestown.
The Northern Economy
• The northern economy was industrial based and relied on
factories that manufactured goods.
• The population of the northern states was larger and full of
big cities compared to that of the southern states.
• The climate was cooler and the growing season was shorter,
so the northern states did not rely on farms and slavery like
the south.
• The people of the northern states were free to choose the
way they made money.
A Divided Country
The Slavery Debate
• Abolitionists, someone against slavery, started speaking out
against this cruel and inhumane practice all over the North.
• Their movement spread all over the north and even to the
south. A debate erupted all over the new country about the
issue of slavery. Was slavery constitutional or not?
• The people of the north became critical of the southern
farmers for using this cruel practice and started demanding
that they abolish it.
• The South refused to do it and tensions rose!
Western Territories
• The North wanted the new territories in the
west to be admitted to the United States as
Free States.
• The South wanted the new territories in the
west to be admitted to the United States as
Slave States.
• The argument over the new territories was
about the balance of Free and Slave states.
Why War?
• Political Issues: State’s Rights, could US Government
tell states what to do?
• Social Issues: Slavery is immoral and
unconstitutional.
• Economic Issues: The South could not survive
without slavery.
Abolitionists
• Before the attack on Fort Sumter, the
Civil War was fueled by attacks on
slavery!
• An abolitionist is a person trying to end
slavery. Human Rights were very
important to their belief that all men
were created equal.
Abolitionists: Harriet Tubman
• Harriet Tubman served as an organizer to
help slaves escape from the plantation farms
of the South. “The Underground Railroad”
was a secret route leading to freedom in the
North. She organized safe houses and
hideaway spots for slaves to rest along during
their dangerous journey.
Harriet Tubman
The Underground Railroad
Abolitionists: Nat Turner
• In 1831, Nat Turner was a slave that led a
revolt against plantation owners in Virginia.
His group of 75 slaves killed the family that
owned him and about 100 other white
people. It made the slave owners all over the
south extremely scared of what the slaves
could do if they could get organized. Nat
Turner’s Revolt actually made life harder for
the slaves.
Nat Turner’s Revolt
Abolitionists: John Brown
• In 1859, John Brown was an outspoken
white man against slavery that led a raid
against the United States Armory
(Arsenal) at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. He
was trying to start a slave rebellion, but
was captured and killed.
John Brown’s Raid
Harper’s Ferry Armory
John Brown
Abolitionists: Abraham Lincoln
• In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was an outspoken
man on slavery that was elected President of
the United States. When he became
president, many southern states seceded and
from the Union and formed the Confederate
States of America because the South knew he
would try to abolish slavery.
Virginia Splits
• The state of Virginia began to have different
opinions on slavery.
• The eastern counties depended on slavery
and the western counties did not.
• Virginia actually split in two and formed a new
state called West Virginia.
• The mountainous region of western Virginia
had no need for slavery.
Creation of West Virginia
Free States and Slave States
• A free state was free of slavery and it was not
permitted.
• A slave state was one that permitted the
institution of slavery in it.
• Every time a new state was admitted to the
Union, the issue of slavery was debated.
Fort Sumter
The Civil War Erupts!
The Union
• The Union was the United States of America.
• The north was considered the Union during
the Civil War.
• President: Abraham Lincoln
• Commander of the Army: General Ulysses S.
Grant
• Capital: Washington, D.C.
Union Flag
President Abraham Lincoln
General Ulysses S. Grant
The Confederacy
• The states that seceded from the Union were
considered the Confederacy.
• President: Jefferson Davis
• Commander of the Army: General Robert E.
Lee
• Capital: Richmond
• The capital of Richmond was burned to the
ground during the war.
Confederate Flag
The Confederate States of America
General Robert E. Lee
Battle of Bull Run at Manassas, VA
• The first major battle of the Civil War.
• General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson led the
Confederate Army against the Union Forces.
• The battle took place in Northern Virginia.
• General Thomas Jackson stood out front of
rifle and cannon fire like a stone wall. He
showed the South that he was not afraid of
the Union Army.
Battle of Bull Run at Manassas, VA
Battle of Bull Run at Manassas, VA
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Battle of Fredericksburg
• General Robert E. Lee took command of the
Confederate Army for this battle.
• It took place near the city of Fredericksburg in
Northern Virginia.
• This battle was won by the south and showed
the north they were capable of winning this
war even though they were outnumbered.
Battle of Fredericksburg
Battle of the Monitor and the
Merrimack
Battle of the Monitor and the
Merrimack
• USS Monitor: Union Ironclad (Ship)
• USS Merrimack: Confederacy Ironclad
• Sea Battle on the Chesapeake Bay off the
coast of Hampton, Virginia.
• The battle was a considered a draw, which
meant that nobody won.
Battle of the Monitor and the
Merrimack
Battle of the Monitor and the
Merrimack
Battle of the Monitor and the
Merrimack
Richmond, Virginia
• The capital of the Confederacy!
• General Ulysses S. Grant won the battle and
took over the city.
• The city was burned to the ground by
retreating Confederate soldiers near the end
of the war.
Battle of Gettysburg
Battle of Gettysburg
VA Culture Groups of the Civil War
• Enslaved African Americans from Virginia
– The Confederacy relied on their labor to raise
crops and provide labor for the army.
– African Americans fled to approaching Union
armies.
– some fought in the Union Army.
• Some Free African Americans from Virginia felt
limited rights could be best protected by supporting
the Confederacy.
VA Culture Groups of the Civil War
• Whites from Virginia
– Most supported the Confederacy.
• American Indians from Virginia
– Most did not take sides during the Civil War.
Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
• Soon after the Battle of Gettysburg, the South
began to lose more battles and realized they
did not have the resources to continue the
war.
• General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses
S. Grant at a courthouse in Appomattox,
Virginia.
• The Union won the Civil War.
The Surrender at Appomattox, VA
The War Ends!
• The Confederate soldiers were able to go
home with their horses and weapons.
• The Confederate States of America were
dissolved and forced back into the Union.
• The United States of America had to find a
way to heal the wounds of the bloodiest war
in history. 1861 to 1865