Download CANADA

•Features
•Impact of location, climate,
physical features, and
distribution of natural
resources on population
density
•Environmental Issues
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A
A
D
D
C
B
A
C
9. A
10. B
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. C
15. D

These are the locations that you have to
know for Canada:
•Pacific Ocean
•Rocky Mountains
•Canadian Shield
•Hudson Bay
•Great Lakes
•St. Lawrence River (waterway)
•Atlantic Ocean
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Put a circle around the Pacific and
Atlantic Ocean
Draw a rectangle around the Rocky
Mountains & Great Lakes
Draw a line for the Canadian Shield
Label Hudson Bay
Trace the route of the St. Lawrence
River
Hudson
Bay
P.
O.
St.
Lawrence
River
Great Lakes
A.
O.
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The largest Ocean and also the deepest of the
five ocean regions.
It is the western border of Canada
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Western Canadian mountain chain that
extends down into the United States. It goes
from northern British Columbia all the way
south to New Mexico in the US.
In the Canadian Rockies, there are numerous
glaciers.
VERY big—located in central and eastern
Canada (marked red in picture)
 Includes nearly half of Canada’s land area.
 NOT good for farming (too rocky)
 RICH in natural resources

 Trees
 Minerals
 Water

Curves from the Hudson Bay area down toward
the Great Lakes area that borders the United
States.
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Gulf (it’s like the little brother of the gulf of
Mexico)
It is connected to both the Arctic and the
Atlantic Ocean
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Five FRESHWATER lakes along the United States
and Canadian border
Valuable transportation network for products
imported and exported with the United States.
HOMES
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Huron
Ontario
Michigan
Erie
Superior
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Connects the Great Lakes with the Atlantic
Ocean
Team effort between Canada and US
completed the St. Lawrence Seaway (like the
Panama canal that allow HUGE ocean cargo
liners to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the
Great Lakes)
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Canada’s eastern border.
It is the 2nd largest ocean
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Canada is the second largest country in the
world! Russia is the only bigger country on
earth.
Oceans touch Canada’s borders—north, east,
and west.
The United States is the southern border.
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Because of its size and location, Canada’s
climate changes from freezing, arctic type
climates in the northern regions to a milder
climate towards its south.
It’s STILL cold in the south during its winters
 Even the most southern part of Canada is still
more north than most of the United States

Population Distribution in Canada

90% of the
population lives
within 100 miles
of the US
border
Continuous PERMAFROST in the north is a
serious obstacle to development (think Russia)
 Exports account for 1/3 of its GDP
 Trade with United States

 US takes more than 80% of
 What we get from Canada:
▪
▪
▪
▪
Oil
Gas
Uranium
Electric Power
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1. Acid Rain & Pollution of the Great Lakes
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2. Extraction and Use of Natural Resources on
the Canadian Shield

3. Timber Industry in Canada
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Great Lakes are polluted by acid Rain,
industries, sewage treatment plants, and
runoff water containing things like:
 Pesticides
 Fertilizer
 Oil, Grease, & Salt from highways

Coal-burning factories, cars, & trucks release
chemicals that pollute
 The pollutants mix with water molecules in clouds
and turn the water acidic
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High levels of acid in rain can damage or kill
trees and pollute lakes enough to kill fish
Houses, buildings, statues can also be
damaged

Southern Canada (Great Lakes region) has
the highest levels of acid rain

50-75% of the pollution that causes acid rain
actually comes from the US
 Wind patterns move the pollution north from the
US

Canada’s government has done several things
to reduce pollution:
 factories that emit less pollution
 laws have been passed that limit vehicle emissions
 encouraging people to walk or ride bikes/buses,
rather than driving

Team effort by the governments of both
Canada & the United States
 Regulating industries
 Replacing coal-fired power stations with gas-
powered power stations
 Adding lime to
▪ Lakes
▪ Rivers
▪ Soil
Reduces
the
effects of
acid
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Extraction is the process of removing natural
resources so that they can be used to meet
human needs.
 Ex:
▪ Oil companies drilling for oil
▪ Mining companies digging for precious metals

Many environmentalists feel like the
Canadian Shield is being damaged by
extraction.

Canadian Shield is a large area of thin, rocky
soil that surrounds the Hudson Bay
 Canada’s most valuable resources: minerals (gold,
silver, copper, zinc, lead, iron ore, uranium, &
nickel)

Important to Canada’s economy (mineral
deposits and jobs)
 1.5 million make their living in the mining
industry in this area
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Blasting & digging with heavy machinery causes
the land around mines to be damaged and the
environment is often ruined
Slag, or leftover rock from the smelting process,
is often dumped in any convenient place
Mining processes release harmful chemicals into
the air, which causes acid rain

Canada’s government has made new rules
about mining
 Some rules reduce the amount of pollution
allowed in waterways
 Government hopes to keep its fish alive and safe
to eat

With almost half its land covered in forests,
Canada is a leading producer of timber
products
 lumber, paper, plywood, and wood pulp

The major timber-producing provinces
include British Columbia, Quebec, and
Ontario.
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Citizens are concerned that logging is
destroying the forests
Most timber companies cut all the trees in a
given area, leaving large treeless gaps in the
forest (called clear-cutting)
 Reduces water quality, causes erosion, & kills
animals’ habitats

Heavy machinery leaves the forest
compacted
 Makes it hard for new growth to start
floor
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Air pollution and resulting acid rain severely
damages the forests
Metal Smelting, Coal-burning utilities, and
vehicle emissions impact agricultural and
forest productivity
Timber produces a great deal of revenue
(money). Environmentalists worry that too
much clear cutting of the timber without
government regulation will destroy the
forests.

Government and industry are working
together to manage use of the forests:
 Hundreds of millions of seedlings are planted each
year
 Billions of dollars are spent on managing and
protecting the forests
 Over $100 million is spent each year by the
logging industry to protect wildlife & their
habitats
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
A place where fish are
caught and processed
for market
What it is…
FISHERY
Fish
Wet
Processed
Market economy
What it is NOT…
Land animals
Dry
Raw
Command Economy
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
HYDROELECTRIC
FISHERYPOWER
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
PENINSULA
FISHERY
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
OVERFISHING
FISHERY
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
Great
FISHERY
Lakes
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
Hudson
FISHERY
Bay
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
POPULOUS
FISHERY
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
ST. LAWRENCE
SEAWAY
FISHERY
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
FISHERY
CARGO
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
PETROLEUM
FISHERY
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
FISHERY
ARCTIC
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
TUNDRA
FISHERY
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
CANADIAN
FISHERY
SHIELD
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
RAWFISHERY
MATERIALS
What it is NOT…
DEFINITION
What it is…
ILLUSTRATION
FISHERY
ACID
RAIN
What it is NOT…