Download Evolution - Dr Tim Dallas

THE FAITH OF AN
EVOLUTIONIST
BIG BANG
Singularity
Hubble Space Telescope
10 B years
1 B years
2 B years
MACRO
EVOLUTION
OUTLINE
Current thinking about the universe
… How much do we really know ???
The language of life … DNA …
… What are the chances ???
What the Bible says
… Did GOD know what he was talking about ???
Some observations and philosophy
Discussion Questions
Professor Michael Turner
The University of Chicago
A FEW UNANSWERED QUESTIONS
• Where did the singularity come from?
• Where did the fundamental forces (gravity, electroweak,
strong) come from?
• Why do the most recent observations show that the
universe is expanding at a a faster and faster rate, negating
many aspects of the Big Bang theory?
• What is space?
• Only explanation for “dark matter” which is used to explain
why galaxies rotate slower than they “should” is the recent
observation that neutrinos might have mass.
• Can knowledge exist exclusive of matter and energy?
MACRO EVOLUTION
Chance and the right conditions produced the building
blocks of life. Building blocks arranged themselves to form
single cell organisms. More complicated and larger life
forms evolved by mutations and survival of the fittest.
Survival of the Fittest
The fittest organisms survive to reproduce
and propagate their DNA. How do we know
they’re the fittest??…they survive. No a priori
test to determine fittest.
Macro Evolution requires lots of time
and lots of “luck.”
MICRO EVOLUTION
A natural or artificial biological change that involves
minor chemical alterations, which result in a change
of size, shape, and/or color.
Genetic changes are a
powerful tool for altering the
look of a species. Genetic
variety is pre-programmed into
the chromosomes.
MICRO + TIME  MACRO
LAW OF BIOGENESIS
Life comes only from life.
Evolution is based on the premise of spontaneous generation
(the emergence of life from inanimate matter). Spontaneous
generation has NEVER been observed.
The Bible says the dirt needed a little help…
“And the LORD GOD formed man of the dust of
the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the
breath of life and man became a living soul.”
– Genesis 2:7
IS TIME ENOUGH ??
Frog + 1 second KISS = PRINCE
Grimm’s Fables
Frog + 500 Million Years = PRINCE
THE FOSSIL “RECORD”
• Piltdown man was a hoax; was in textbooks for 40 years.
• Nebraska man was “created” from only one tooth,
which turned out to belong to a pig.
• Java “man” was just a large gibbon. Other bones found
in the same area supported this, but were suppressed.
• Peking “man” was actually an ape that had been
decapitated and used for food by real man.
• For over 100 years, it was taught that
Neanderthal “man” was stooped and
ape-like. Recent studies show that the
Neanderthals were crippled by arthritis
and rickets.
Martha’s Tip: “Always make
sure your ape is
fresh…there’s nothing
worse than a bad monkey.”
DNA
THE LANGUAGE
4 colors - 4 bases
Human DNA
3,000,000,000 Bases
CTAGACTGGCTAGCTAGCTAACGATAGCTAG
CTAGAATGCTAGCTAGAAACTGGATGGCTAG
GATTGCGGATTCGGTATAGGCGATCGATGAT
CGATCGATGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGTA………
…2.999999760 Billion omitted…….
GCTAGATCGAGCTAGCTAGCTTAGCGAGGA
TCGGATCGGATTTAGCGAGAGAGCGAGAGT
AGATCGATCGATAGCTTAGCTAGATCGATCG
TAGATCGTAGCTGGCAAGCAAAGCGGATC
Chromosome
DNA…in other words…
“The genetic information contained
in each cell of the human body is
approximately equivalent to a library
of 4000 books.”
[500 pages per book & 300 words per page]
-Carl Sagan
-The Dragons of Eden, NY: Random House, 1977, p.25
How about other life forms??
Amoeba dubia: 670,000,000,000
“In the animal kingdom, the
relationship between genome size and
evolutionary status is not clear. One of
Amoeba
290,000,000,000
the
largestproteus:
genomes
belongs to a very
small creature, Amoeba dubia. This
protozoan genome has 670 billion units of
DNA, or base pairs. The genome of a
cousin,
Amoeba
proteus, has a mere 290
Bufo bufo:
6,900,000,000
billion base pairs, making it 100 times
larger than the human genome.”
Man: 3,000,000,000
Sizing up genomes: Amoeba is King, Edward Winstead,
Celera website 2/12/2001
What are the chances of randomly creating a DNA
sequence, given the building blocks??
Goal: C A T G C C A T T C
(¼)
(¼)
(¼)
G
A
Probability of recreating a 100 letter
sequence
(¼)100 = 6.22 x 10-61 = 6.22 x 10–59 %
=
T
A
T
C
G
Probability of recreating the first 4
letters of the sequence
(¼) (¼) (¼) (¼) = 1/256 = 0.39%
(¼)
C
DNA sequence
G
T
C
A
Assumption: Unlimited number of letters.
Same number of C, T, A, and G’s.
0.000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000622 %
DNA
To replicate its DNA, a cell requires more than 75
different proteins. However, these proteins are
produced only at the direction of DNA. Logic
indicates that they must have come into existence
simultaneously.
MUTATIONS

UV light
BEFORE
{
AFTER
Mutated Sequence
Most mutations have been experimentally shown to be non-beneficial,
but precise quantification and qualification is extremely difficult
outside a lab. Environment plays a large roll.
MUTATIONS
Total
Beneficial
*Non-Beneficial
Chance Beneficial
1st Mutation
1
999
0.1 %
2nd Mutation
1
999
0.0001%
3rd Mutation
1
999
0.0000001%
*Non-beneficial includes both neutral and harmful mutations
How many beneficial mutations would you need to turn…
a cat into a dog…. a mouse into a whale …
a monkey into a man ???
ADAM & EVE ??
“Southern African Eve,” Science 286, 229 (1999).
Abstract: Scientists in South Africa have traced “Eve,” an
ancestor common to all modern humans, to the Khosian,
the oldest indigenous people in southern Africa.
Gen 3:20 “And Adam called his wife’s name Eve,
because she was the mother of all living.”
“Y Chromosome shows that Adam was
an African,” A. Gibbons, Science 278,
804 (1997).
Abstract: Scientists have found men
living in southern Africa whose Y
chromosome may be the equivalent of
the genetic “Adam.” Earlier evidence
places the genetic Eve in the same area.
THE EYE
“To suppose that the eye with all its
inimitable contrivances for adjusting the
focus to different distances, for admitting
different amounts of light, and for the
correcting of spherical and chromatic
aberration, could have been formed by
natural selection, seems, I freely confess,
absurd in the highest degree.”
Charles Darwin, The Origin of the Species, p. 75
What Chuck didn’t know
To simulate 10 milliseconds of the complete processing
of even a single nerve cell from the retina would require
the solution of about 500 simultaneous differential
equations 100 times…there are 10 million of more such
cells interacting with each other in complex ways…”
– John K. Stevens, “Reverse Engineering the Brain,”
Byte, April 1985, p. 287.
There are more than a dozen
distinct types of eyes found
throughout nature including
“prehistoric” tribolites* which had
eyes with compound lenses.
* arthropods, the same phylum as insects and crustaceans such as the shrimp and crabs.
THE HUMAN BRAIN
• 10,000,000,000 Cells
• 10,000 – 100,000 connections each
•Total: 1,000,000,000,000,000 Connections
The brain fits in a 1 liter box and uses about
10 watts of power.
Can function with little to no maintenance
for over 100 years and can be run on a
diet of Coke, Doritos, and Twinkies.
…or as I like to call these… “The Breakfast of Champions”
MORE QUESTIONS…
• How did Darwin reach his conclusions when he knew nothing of
DNA, proteins, enzymes, or any other microscopic biological
material?
• How has Darwin’s theory persisted over 150 years, when most
other scientific theories held at the time have been substantially
changed?
• Why is microevolution used to prove macroevolution, even though
adaptability more strongly supports creation?
• How did the eye evolve? What can a partially evolved eye see?
• Why do some collections of atoms get so upset when you tell them
they might have been created?
• Is consciousness merely a “mechanical” process, or do we have a
soul and spirit?
SCIENTIFIC TRUTHS IN THE BIBLE
Psalm 19: 1- 6 “ The heavens declare the glory of
GOD, and the firmament shows his handiwork. Day
unto day utters speech, and night unto night shows
knowledge. There is no speech, nor language, where
their voice is not heard. Their line is gone out
through all the earth, and their words to the end of
the world. In them has he set a tabernacle for the
sun, which is as a bridegroom coming out of his
chamber, and rejoices as a strongman to run a race.
His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and
his circuit unto the ends of it; and there is nothing
hid from the heat thereof.
SCIENTIFIC TRUTHS IN THE BIBLE
Roman 1:20 – “For since the creation of the world His
invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood
by the the things that are made, even His eternal power
and Godhead, so that they were without excuse.”
Book of Leviticus
GOD gives the Israelites a long list of do’s and
don’ts regarding cleanliness, human physiology,
and disease. All have scientific merit and show
knowledge which would not be scientifically
understood until the last two centuries.
SCIENTIFIC TRUTHS IN THE BIBLE
Isaiah 42:5 – “Thus says the GOD the LORD, he that
created the heavens, he that stretched them out; he
that spread forth the earth; and which comes out of it;
he that gives breath unto the people upon it, and
spirit to them that walk therein.”
Isaiah 45:12 – “I have made the earth; and created
man upon it; I, even my hands, have stretched out the
heavens, and all their host have I commanded.”
SCIENTIFIC TRUTHS IN THE BIBLE
Job 40: 15-20 – Behold now behemoth, which I made with
thee; he eats grass like an ox. Lo now, his strength is in
his loins, and his force is in the naval of his belly. He
moves his tail like a cedar: the sinews of his stones are
wrapped together. His bones are as strong pieces of brass;
his bones are like bars of iron. He is the chief of the ways
of GOD; he that made him can make his sword to approach
unto him.”
Isaiah 40:22 – It is he that sits upon the circle of the earth,
and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that
stretches out the heavens as a curtain, and spreads them
out as a tent to dwell in.”
SCIENTISTS / PROFESSORS
• Very few have personally researched evolution
• Take the word of other scientists
• Most research and technology has no basis in
evolutionary theory.
• Not uncommon to be ostracized and or
persecuted for espousing anything that conflicts
with evolutionary dogma.
Evolution is accepted as the
mechanism of the universe and all
observations are made to fit into it.
Naturalistic World View
Nothing
Something
Knowledge
Order
GOD’s World View
Nothing
CREATION
Something
Order
Life
Knowledge
JESUS
CHRIST