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OSMOSIS Regents Biology Examples of Passive Transport diffusion of water diffusion Regents Biology osmosis Osmosis Diffusion of water from areas of HIGH concentration to areas of LOW concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. Regents Biology Types of Solutions Solution = Solvent (water) + Solute Hyper means “more” Hypertonic solutions have MORE solute. Cells placed in a hypertonic solution will shrink because water diffuse out of the cell. Regents Biology Types of Solutions Saltwater has more solute (salt) that freshwater, so saltwater is hypertonic compared to freshwater. Examples: Crenation: Shrinking of red blood cells Crenation Regents Biology Types of Solutions Plasmolysis: Loss of turgor pressure in plants due to water diffusing out of the cell, causing the plant to wilt. Plasmolysis Regents Biology Types of Solutions Hypo means “less” Hypotonic solutions have LESS solute. Cells placed in a hypotonic solution swell because water diffuses into the cell. Freshwater has less solute than saltwater, so freshwater is hypotonic compared to saltwater Regents Biology Types of Solutions Examples: Hemolysis: Red bloods cells burst in a hypotonic solution Contractile vacuole: Freshwater protozoa have to continually pump water out of the cell. Regents Biology Types of Solutions Hemolysis vs. Crenation Regents Biology Types of Solutions Contractile vacuole in Paramecium Regents Biology Types of Solutions Examples: Turgidity: Turgor pressure increases in plant cells due to the diffusion of water into the cell. Regents Biology Regents Biology Types of Solutions Iso means “same” Isotonic solutions have the SAME amount of solute as the cells. When cell are placed in a hypertonic or hypotonic solution, water will diffuse out of or into the cell in an attempt to reach equilibrium Regents Biology Types of Solutions Once equilibrium has been reached, osmosis does not stop, water will diffuse in and out at the same rate to maintain osmotic balance. Regents Biology Cells must maintain osmotic balance Describe what happens to each cell in the different solutions. Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic freshwater Regents Biology balanced saltwater
