Download The Circulatory System

PROBLEMS OF THE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HYPERTENSION
(HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE)
BLOOD PRESSURE:
The force or pressure
developed by the heart,
which acts to pump
blood through the
circulatory system.
BLOOD PRESSURE (cont’d)
Two Distinct pressures
that are measured!!
Systolic: A measure of the
maximum force or
pressure developed in the
arteries when the heart
contracts
Diastolic: A measure of the
lowest pressure, which
occur in the arteries during
cardiac relaxation.
BLOOD PRESSURE (cont’d)
►
Sphygmomanometer:
An instrument used to
measure blood pressure.
►
Stethoscope: An
instrument used to listen
to the sounds of the heart,
or listen to the flow of
blood through the vessels
when measuring the blood
pressure.
HYPERTENSION (cont’d)
HYPERTENSION (High
Blood Pressure):
Continuous elevation
of blood pressure
above the normal
range.
Ex. 140/90
HYPERTENSION VIDEO
► Hypertension
video: Please copy this link
into your browser and watch the video:
► http://www.thevisualmd.com/health_center
s/cardiovascular_health/hypertension/what_
is_hypertension_video
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
► Arteriosclerosis:
Artery walls harden;
caused by a diet high
in fat and cholesterol.
► Causes:

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
Smoking
Diabetes
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
Overweight
Genetics
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
► Treatments:
 Stop smoking
 Heart Healthy Diet
 Low fat
 Low sodium
 Low calorie
 Exercise
 Medicine
 Surgery
 Angioplasty – balloon surgically inserted and inflated
in the artery to clear buildup
 Bypass – surgery to add a new artery to “pass by”
the blocked section of the existing artery
HEART ATTACK
►
►
►
Heart attack: a blocked artery prevents oxygen from
reaching the heart muscle
Symptoms:
 Chest pain, arm pain, back pain
 Shortness of breath
 Nausea or vomiting
 Heartburn
Treatment:
 Call 9-1-1!
 The longer a person goes without treatment, the greater
the damage!
 depends on the cause of the blockage
CARDIAC ARREST
►
►
►
Cardiac Arrest: an electrical malfunction that causes an
irregular heartbeat or stopped heartbeat
Symptoms:
 Sudden collapse
 No pulse
 No breathing
Treatment:
 Call 9-1-1!
 CPR is used to keep the heart going until help arrives
 Defibrillator (AED) can be used to restart the heart
HEART ATTACK VS.
CARDIAC ARREST
► READING
ASSIGNMENT: Please copy the
following link into your browser and read the
article:
► http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More
/MyHeartandStrokeNews/Heart-Attack-or-SuddenCardiac-Arrest-How-Are-TheyDifferent_UCM_440804_Article.jsp#.Vs3f4vkrLIU
ANEMIA
► Lack
of red blood cells or cells that do not
carry enough oxygen; may cause weakness
and low energy levels.
► Prevention:
 Eat foods that are rich
in Iron
 Iron supplements
 Treatment: Rest
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
► Sickle
Cell Anemia:
Diseases of the
hemoglobin in the red
blood cells – results in
lower oxygen levels
► There is no prevention
for sickle-cell anemia
since you are born
with it.
► Treatments:
 Blood Transfusions
 Medication
► Normal
► Sickle
Blood Cell
Cell
LEUKEMIA
► Leukemia:
Cancer of
the blood or bone
marrow
 Most common cancer
for children &
adolescents under 20
years old
 Treatment:
chemotherapy,
radiation, bone marrow
transplant, stem cell
transplant
STROKE
► Happens
when a cluster of blood cells
blocks blood vessels in the brain, resulting
in a lack of oxygen to a portion of the brain.
► Stroke is a “Brain Attack”
STROKE (Cont’d)
► Prevention:


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Don’t Smoke
Moderate drinking for adults
Get cholesterol checked
Exercise
Heart-healthy diet
► Treatment:
 Medication
 Rehabilitation
BLOOD CLOTS (DVT’S)
►
►
►
►
Blood clots (Deep Vein
Thrombosis): Clotting
that occurs in the veins
that can break away and
cause other health
problems
May result in a blockage in
veins, lungs, or brain
Causes: heart disease,
smoking, medications,
prolonged sitting
Treatments: medication
or surgery
HEMOPHILIA
► Hemophilia:
Blood
does not clot properly.
Can be caused by a
lack of platelets or
platelets not working
properly.
► Treatment:
Transfusions of blood
clotting factors,
medication