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CS480/580 Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence
Shuiwang Ji
General information
 Instructor:
Shuiwang Ji
 Office hours: Monday and Wednesday, 4:30PM5:30PM, or by appointment
 Office location: E&CS 3204
 E-mail: [email protected]
 Research interests: machine learning, data
mining, computer vision, computational biology
 Course Homepage:
http://www.cs.odu.edu/~sji/classes/fall2010/AI/
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Textbooks
 Main
text: Artificial Intelligence:
A Modern Approach, 3rd
Edition, by Stuart Russell and
Peter Norvig
http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/
 LISP
programming: Practical
Common Lisp by Peter Seibel
http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/
Other LISP books also work
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Grading
 Graduates
and undergraduates will be graded
separately
 Homework:
 Undergraduate (30%): there will be 4-5 homework
 Graduate: (25%): there will be 3-4 homework
 Term
paper (5%): ONLY for graduate students
 Project (30%): there will be 2-3 projects
 Exam (40%):
 Exam 1: 10%
 Exam 2: 10%
 Final exam 20%
All homework and projects are strictly individual
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LISP programming
 Projects
will involve LISP programming
 Use Lisp-in-a-box (link from the class page)
 Easy
to install and use
A
free book on LISP is available
 Partial code will ONLY be provided in LISP
 Need LISP tutorial lecture?
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Project grading
 Partial
code in LISP will be provided
 Students are asked to program the core algorithms
 Some example inputs will be given, and the outputs
and analysis are graded
 Grading criteria
 General structure: 10%
 Project report: 30%
 Correctness: 60%
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Course overview
 Intelligent
agent architecture
 Problem-solving by searching
 Constraint satisfaction problems (CSP)
 Propositional logic
 First-order logic
 Probabilistic inference and Bayesian networks
 Planning and Markov decision processes (MDP)
 Machine learning
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Class homepage
 The
class is temporally run through the homepage:
http://www.cs.odu.edu/~sji/classes/fall2010/AI
 Switch
to blackboard later on
 Not
hardcopy handouts, check class
homepage/blackboard regularly
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What is AI?
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Two central questions
Humanly or rationally
Thinking
or acting
Rational: does the “right thing” given what is knows
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Definitions of AI
Thinking or acting
Humanly or rationally
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Think humanly: cognitive science
Do we want a machine that
beats humans in chess
or a machine that thinks like humans while beating humans in chess?
DeepBlue supposedly DOESN’T think like humans
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Think rationally: law of thought
1. Not easy to take informal knowledge and state it
in the formal terms required by logical notation
2. Reasoning on real-world problems is
computationally demanding
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Acting humanly: The Turing test
Natural language processing
Knowledge representation
Automated reasoning
Machine learning
Mechanical flight became possible only when people decided to stop
emulating birds…
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Acting rationally: rational agent
Making correct inference is sometimes part of being a rational agent
Correct inference is not all of rationality
There are ways of acting rationally that cannot be said to involve inference
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The rational agent approach
Thinking or acting
Humanly or rationally
Think humanly Think rationally
Acting humanly
Acting
rationally
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Rational agent
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AI prehistory
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Why AI?
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Only thing Microsoft & Google agrees
 “If
you invent a breakthrough in artificial
intelligence, so machines can learn," Mr.
Gates responded, "that is worth 10
Microsofts." (Quoted in NY Times, Monday March 3, 2004)
 No.
1: AI at human level in 10-20 year time
frame
 Sergey Brin & Larry Page
(independently, when asked to name the
top 5 areas needing research. Google
Faculty Summit, July 2007)
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ENIAC: The beginning of computing
age (1946)
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Three fundamental questions in our
age
 Origin
of the Universe
 Origin of life
 Nature of intelligence
 Along
with molecular biology, AI is regularly cited
as the “field I would most like to be in” by scientists
in other disciplines
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The age before AI
I propose to consider the question:
“Can machines think?”
--Alan Turing, 1950
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1956: A new field is born
 We
propose that a 2 month,
10 man study of artificial
intelligence be carried out
during the summer of 1956 at
Dartmouth College in
Hanover, New Hampshire.
 - Dartmouth AI Project
Proposal; J. McCarthy et al.;
Aug. 31, 1955.
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1997: Deep blue
vs.
I could feel human-level intelligence across the room
-Gary Kasparov, World Chess Champion (human)
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2005: Cars drive themselves
 Stanley
and
three other cars
drive
themselves over
a 132 mile
mountain road
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2005: Robots play soccer
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2006: AI Celebrates its Golden Jubilee…
1956: A new field is born


We propose that a 2 month, 10
man study of artificial
intelligence be carried out
during the summer of 1956 at
Dartmouth College in Hanover,
New Hampshire.
- Dartmouth AI Project
Proposal; J. McCarthy et al.;
Aug. 31, 1955.
Visual object recognition
Aeroplanes
Bicycles
Birds
Boats
Buses
Cars
Cats
Trains
Cows
Chairs
Dogs
Horses
Sample images from the PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge
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Action recognition
Sample video frames from the TRECVID video surveillance evaluation
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Autonomous robot
Mars Exploration Rover
Learning Applied to Ground Robots (LAGR)
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Medical diagnosis
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..and thankfully
You step in
to take CS 480/580
Welcome!
What we will do?
 Major
AI topics: problem-solving by search,
constraint satisfaction problems, logic reasoning,
probabilistic reasoning, planning, machine learning
 Practical implementation, such as 8-puzzle
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Next class
 Intelligent
agent architecture
 Read Chapter 2 of AIMA
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