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Chapter 10 - Chemicals in Our Bodies and Our Environment: Vitamins, Food Additives, Pesticides and More 1. A) B) C) D) Which of the following is not true for vitamins? Only small amounts are needed, usually milligrams. They can be digested and are essential building components. They are caloric nutrients. They preserve existing components. 2. A) B) C) D) The derivation of the word vitamin is the following: substances that are important to the body and made up of amines substances that are important to the body and made up of proteins substances that are important to the body and made up of amides all vitamins are made up of amines 3. A) B) C) D) Which of the following is the chemical name for Vitamin C? niacin Folic acid Ascorbic acid Pantothenic acid 4. A) B) C) D) Which of the following vitamins is water soluble? Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin C Vitamin D 5. A) B) C) D) The result of vitamin C deficiency is _____. scaly skin diabetes loss of hair scurvy 6. A) B) C) D) Which of the following is an excellent antioxidant? vitamin C vitamin D vitamin E vitamin K 7. A) B) C) D) Which of the following is not in the vitamin B family? alpha-tocopherol niacin biotin folic acid Page 1 Chapter 10 - Chemicals in Our Bodies and Our Environment: Vitamins, Food Additives, Pesticides & More 8. A) B) C) D) What is the vitamin that is chemically known as alpha-tocopherol? vitamin A vitamin B vitamin C vitamin E 9. A) B) C) D) Which of the following vitamins act as coenzymes? Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D 10. A) B) C) D) Vitamin E is present in the following foods except ______. eggs vegetable oil nuts tomatoes 11. A) B) C) D) The natural function of vitamin E is ______. to prevent oxidation to facilitate oxidation to increase metabolism to decrease metabolism 12. A) B) C) D) Free radicals damage biological tissue by: increasing oxidation in the cells disrupting DNA formation disrupting cell membranes disrupting cell mitosis 13. In the absence of adequate Vitamin C, what chemical group will be lacking in synthesis of collagen? A) Methyl groups B) Chloride groups C) NH3 groups D) OH Groups 14. A) B) C) D) Vitamin A is present in the following foods except ______. liver eggs milk oranges Page 2 Chapter 10 - Chemicals in Our Bodies and Our Environment: Vitamins, Food Additives, Pesticides & More 15. A) B) C) D) Carrots are a good source of which vitamins? vitamin A vitamin B vitamin C vitamin D 16. A) B) C) D) Which of the following is a symptom of vitamin A deficiency? scurvy scaly skin sterility night blindness 17. A) B) C) D) Which of the following is a symptom of vitamin D deficiency? sterility night blindness rickets scurvy 18. A) B) C) D) Which of the following foods is vitamin D added to prevent vitamin D deficiency? water milk orange juice tomato juice 19. Which vitamin formed in our bodies converts a cholesterol into a chemical precursor by exposure to ultraviolet light? A) vitamin A B) vitamin B C) vitamin D D) vitamin K 20. Which vitamin is usually given to newborns to aid in the production of proteins for blood clotting? A) vitamin A B) vitamin B C) vitamin D D) vitamin K Page 3 Chapter 10 - Chemicals in Our Bodies and Our Environment: Vitamins, Food Additives, Pesticides & More 21. A) B) C) D) Warfarin is a drug that interferes with which vitamin in order to prevent blood clots? vitamin A vitamin B vitamin D vitamin K 22. A) B) C) D) Antioxidants perform the following function: prevent rickets prevent foods from becoming rancid control calcium levels in the formation of bone help prevent night blindness 23. A) B) C) D) A vitamin that contains its own antioxidants naturally is ______. vitamin E vitamin C vitamin B vitamin A 24. Which vitamin is very important for women who are pregnant to prevent the birth defect, “spina bifida”. A) Vitamin B1 B) Vitamin B3 C) Vitamin B9 D) Vitamin B12 25. A) B) C) D) An additive placed in food to prevent spoilage is _______. EDTA enzymes BTA MSG 26. A) B) C) D) Food additives that are labeled by the FDA as safe are ______. EDTA GRAS BHA BTA Page 4 Chapter 10 - Chemicals in Our Bodies and Our Environment: Vitamins, Food Additives, Pesticides & More 27. Which of the following foods have the highest concentration of antioxidants, “lycopene”? A) carrots B) oranges C) tomatoes D) blueberries 28. A) B) C) D) All chemical pesticides do the following: block vital metabolic processes of the organism prevent organisms from reproducing are toxic only to humans are toxic only to the undesirable organism 29. A) B) C) D) Which of the following is an example of an herbicide? MSG BHA Z, 4-D DDT 30. A) B) C) D) Which of the following vitamins is formed, by sunlight, in our bodies? Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D 31. A) B) C) D) What type of pesticide is DDT? a herbicide An insecticide alagicide larvicide 32. A) B) C) D) Organophosphate pesticides are toxic to insects because they poison the _______. nerves digestive system reproductive system respiratory system 33. A) B) C) D) Which of the following pesticides has the highest LD50? diazinon malathion parathion dichcoruos Page 5 Chapter 10 - Chemicals in Our Bodies and Our Environment: Vitamins, Food Additives, Pesticides & More 34. A) B) C) D) A natural pesticide used as a flea spray for animals is _______. pheromones rotenone pyrethrins DDT 35. A) B) C) D) A popular pesticide used as a crop insecticide for over 150 years is _______. pheromones rotenone pyrethrins DDT 36. A) B) C) D) The trace contaminant, 2,4,5-T, is found in which pesticide? DDT lindane dioxin diazinon 37. A) B) C) D) PCBs are an environmental concern because _______. they biomagnify they have low LD50 they have high LD50 they bioaccumulate in the organism 38. A) B) C) D) Which of the following does not belong to the family of dioxins? Z,4-D 2,3,7,8-TCDD PCDF PCDD 39. A) B) C) D) Which is the greatest source of dioxins? production of PCBs bleaching of paper paper mills incinerators 40. A) B) C) D) Our exposure to dioxins is mainly through ______. the water we drink contact our diet the air we breathe Page 6 Chapter 10 - Chemicals in Our Bodies and Our Environment: Vitamins, Food Additives, Pesticides & More 41. A) B) C) D) Bioaccumulation is the result of the following: bioconcentration Bioconcentration and biomagnification bromagnification Concentration of organic chemicals 42. Which of the following would have the highest concentration of DDT because of biomagnification? A) A Herring gull B) trout C) Zoo plankton D) phytoplankton 43. A) B) C) D) What would be the free radical formed from CH4? CH4 CH3 CH4 CH3 44. A) B) C) D) Antioxidants such as vitamin E react with free radicals to form ______. non-radicals reactive free radicals positive radicals negative radicals 45. A) B) C) D) What is the best food source of thiamin (B1), which assists in nerve function? liver milk sunflower seeds yogurt 46. A) B) C) D) What is the best food source of riboflavin (B2), which is used for healthy skin? pork legumes sunflower seeds milk Page 7 Chapter 10 - Chemicals in Our Bodies and Our Environment: Vitamins, Food Additives, Pesticides & More 47. Which vitamin found in cheese, milk, and egg food sources is used for new cell synthesis? A) B1 B) B2 C) B3 D) B12 48. A) B) C) D) Vitamin C has a major role in the following: fat metabolism synthesis of RNA immune system support nerve function 49. A) B) C) D) Fish in our diets is an excellent source of the following: vitamin A vitamin D vitamin E vitamin K 50. A) B) C) D) Which of the following does the FDA not certify? F D & C blue #1 F D & C blue #2 F D & C blue #3 F D & C green #3 51. A) B) C) D) Which pesticide has the highest maximum water contaminant level (PPB)? alachlor methovychlor endrin glyphosate 52. A) B) C) D) Glyphosate is the following: herbicide insecticide fungicide larvicide 53. A) B) C) D) Which of the following vitamins is a good source of an antioxidant? vitamin A vitamin D vitamin E vitamin K Page 8 Chapter 10 - Chemicals in Our Bodies and Our Environment: Vitamins, Food Additives, Pesticides & More 54. A) B) C) D) Which of the following does not have a ring in its molecular structure? vitamin C vitamin B1 vitamin B3 vitamin B6 55. Organophosphate pesticides consists of molecules that contain a central phosphorus atom and _______ bonds. A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 56. A) B) C) D) The organophosphate pesticide that has the lowest LD50 for mammals is _______. parathion diazinon DDT malathion 57. A) B) C) D) Organophosphate pesticides are toxic to insects because they Inhibit oxygen flow in the blood Inhibit enzymes in the nerves system inhibit reproduction Attacks the respiratory system Page 9 Chapter 10 - Chemicals in Our Bodies and Our Environment: Vitamins, Food Additives, Pesticides & More Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. C A C C D A A D B D A C D D A D C B D D D B A C A B D A C D B A A C B C D A D C B A B A C D D Page 10 Chapter 10 - Chemicals in Our Bodies and Our Environment: Vitamins, Food Additives, Pesticides & More 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. C B C D A C A C D B Page 11