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Types of Sentences:
Declarative:
Tells about something or makes a statement. Most sentences are declarative and
they end with a period. I like pizza. I visited my grandparents.
Imperative:
This sentences gives a command or a request. They mostly end with a period, but
sometimes they can end with an exclamation point. Stay in your seat. Please feed
the dog. Turn to page 33 in your math book.
Interrogative:
Exclamatory:
These sentences always ask a question and end with a question mark. Watch for
these clue words at the beginning of a sentence: Do, Where, What, When,
Have, How, Will, Are, Is - Are you going to the store? Where will I find you?
Expresses excitement or strong emotion. They always end with an exclamation
point. That was awesome! I’m sick of this!
These words signal that a noun will follow, oftentimes the very next word.
Examples: a, an, the, some, no, any, all, the, this, that, your, my, their,
every, many, each, our, her, his, its
Nouns underlined: I want some milk. An elephant can’t eat any meat.
Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . Words that name persons, places, and things.
Common Nouns . . . . . . Names a whole group of persons, places, and things.
Proper Nouns . . . . . . .
Names a particular person, place, or thing.
boy, dog
Johnny, Fido
Singular Nouns . . . . . . Names one person, place, or thing. girl, town, apple
Plural Nouns . . . . . . . . Names more than one person, place, or thing.
Possessive Nouns . . . . A noun that shows ownership.
girls, towns, apples
the builder’s tools - one builder
the builders’ tools – many builders
Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . A word used in place of a noun.
Singular Pronouns
I
Plural Pronouns
my mine
me
you your yours
he
his
him
she
her
hers
it its
we our ours us
you your yours
they their theirs them
Subject Pronouns
I
we
you he
it they
Object Pronouns
she
me
us
him
her
them
Spelling rules for plural nouns.
1.
Add s to most nouns
cat, cats
2.
If the noun ends in s, sh, ch, x, or z, add es.
box, boxes
3.
When the noun ends in y with a consonant before it,
Change the y to i and add es.
4. If the noun ends in y with a vowel before it, add s.
fly, flies
5.
To some nouns ending in f, add s.
6.
To some nouns ending in f or fe, change the f or fe to v and add es.
7.
Some nouns stay the same for singular and plural.
8.
Some nouns have an irregular plural.
chief, chiefs
roof, roofs
knife, knives
elf, elves,
sheep, sheep
deer, deer
goose, geese
mouse, mice
monkey, monkeys
Appositives - a word or group of words that identifies or renames another word in a sentence.
An appositive provides more information about a noun. Appositives are set off
by commas. The sentence will still make sense is you leave the appositive out.



Jimbo Gold, a professional magician, performed at my sister's birthday party.
Gus, Eric's black and white cat, slowly crept up behind the kittens.
My brother, a human garbage disposal, consumed five cheeseburgers in one
sitting last night.
Action Verbs . . . . . Words that tell about an action . He walked to school.
Linking Verbs . . . . . Verbs that state that something is ; state-of-being She is pretty.
Helping Verbs . . . . When a verb is made up of two or more words, the last word is the main
verb. The other words are called helping verbs.
Common linking verbs: am is are was were
Common helping verbs: am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, can, could,
shall, should, will, would, may, might, be, been, being
Example: They could have arrived on time.
. . . . . . The words a, an, and the always modify nouns and are also adjectives.
. . . . Words that modify or describe a noun or a pronoun. An adjective may
come before or after the word it describes. Adjectives tell what kind,
how many, and which ones.
Examples of what kind
orange round red
fat long
funny young
small dangerous helpful
colorful furry vicious
playful loveable
eager
Short adjectives use
-er or - est
Longer adjectives use
more or most
Irregular adjectives
Examples of how many
seven (any number word)
some many few
several more
Examples of which ones
this
that these those
each
Comparing 1 thing
Comparing 2 things
Comparing 3 + things
short
tall
hot
difficult
beautiful
shorter
taller
hotter
more difficult
more beautiful
shortest
tallest
hottest
most difficult
most beautiful
good
bad
much
little
better
worse
more
less
best
worst
most
least
My mom is short. My sister is shorter than my mom. I am the shortest of all.
This test is difficult. The reading test was more difficult than the math test. The
science test was the most difficult.
 This was a good day. Today was better than yesterday. Saturday is the best day of the


week.
Adverbs . . . . Words that modify or describe verbs. Many adverbs end in –ly.
Adverbs tell how
Adverbs tell where
Adverbs tell when
well
badly
rudely fast
easily
quickly
slowly
swiftly
loudly
hard
much
Fido barked loudly.
inside outside
up down here
there nowhere
far immediately
now then early
often today
soon sometimes
tomorrow away
never
often
always
I wake up early.
The ball is outside.
Adverbs tell to what
extent
quite almost
very too
She is very quiet.