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CHAPTER 1—HERE AND NOW
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. How many centimeters are there in one kilometer?
a. 100
b. 1,000
c. 10,000
d. 100,000
e. 1 106
ANS: D
PTS: 1
2. Scientific notation is used in science because
a. it makes it easy to write big or small numbers.
b. all astronomical distances are expressed in metric units.
c. it makes conversions between units easy.
d. all of the above
ANS: A
PTS: 1
3. The average distance from Earth to the sun is
a. 1 ly
b. 1 million km
c. 1 million miles
d. 1 billion km
e. 1 AU
ANS: E
PTS: 1
4. The sun is
a. a star which generates its own energy
b. 1 AU from Earth.
c. visible by its own light emission.
d. all of the above
ANS: D
PTS: 1
5. The diameter of a typical star (the sun) is approximately ____ times larger than the diameter of a
typical planet (the Earth).
a. 10
b. 100
c. 1000
d. 10,000
e. 100,000
ANS: B
PTS: 1
6. A typical galaxy like our Milky Way galaxy contains
a. primarily planets.
b. gas only
c. stars (some with planets), gas and dust
d. a single star and planets.
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e. thousands of superclusters.
ANS: C
PTS: 1
7. The radius of the moon's orbit is about ____ times larger than the radius of Earth.
a. 0.6
b. 6
c. 60
d. 600
e. 6000
ANS: C
PTS: 1
8. The Milky Way Galaxy
a. contains about 100 billion stars.
b. is about 200 light-years in diameter.
c. is the largest known object in the universe.
d. all of the above
e. a and c
ANS: A
PTS: 1
9. 2.9107 is the same as
a. 2.9 thousand
b. 29 thousand
c. 290 thousand
d. 2.9 million
e. 29 million
ANS: E
PTS: 1
10. 1.65 billion is the same as
a. 1.65 1012
b. 1.65 109
c. 1.65 106
d. 1.65 105
e. 1.65 103
ANS: B
PTS: 1
11. From 1979 to 1999 Pluto was closer to the sun than
a. Earth.
b. Uranus.
c. Neptune.
d. Saturn.
e. Jupiter
ANS: C
PTS: 1
12. Arrange the following distances in order from smallest to largest.
I.
II.
III.
kilometer
light-year
yard
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IV.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Astronomical unit
I, II, III, IV
IV, III, II, I
III, I, IV, II
II, I, IV, III
III, I, II, IV
ANS: C
PTS: 1
13. It takes light 1.3 seconds to travel from the moon to Earth and 8 minutes to travel from the sun to Earth.
Which of the following statements is true?
a. The sun is 6.2 times further from Earth than the moon.
b. The sun is 10 times further from Earth than the moon.
c. The sun is 0.16 times further Earth than the moon
d. The sun is 0.10 times further from Earth that the moon.
e. The sun is 370 times further from Earth than the moon.
ANS: E
PTS: 1
14. If light takes 8 minutes to travel from the sun to Earth and over 4 hours to travel from the sun to the
planet Neptune, what is the distance from the sun to Neptune?
a. 5 AU
b. 30 AU
c. 30 ly
d. 5 ly
e. 0.6 ly
ANS: B
PTS: 1
15. In the diagram below, what is the diameter of Mercury?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
about 240 km
about 2400 km
about 24,000 km
about 240,000 km
about 2.4106 km
ANS: B
PTS: 1
16. In the diagram below, what is the diameter of Jupiter?
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
about 7.0 104 km
about 7.0 105 km
about 1.4 104 km
about 1.4 105 km
about 3.5 106 km
ANS: D
PTS: 1
17. Earth has a radius of about 6400 km, the sun has a radius of about 7.0105 km, and a rubber ball has a
radius of 6.4 cm. If you were to construct a scale model of the solar system using the rubber ball to
represent Earth, what is the radius of a ball needed to represent the sun in your model?
a. 7.0 105 cm
b. 7.0 cm
c. 700 cm
d. 70 cm
e. 7000 cm
ANS: C
PTS: 1
18. The speed of light is 3.0105 km/sec, and it takes light 1.3 sec for light to travel from the moon to
Earth. From this information, what is the distance to the moon?
a. 390,000 km
b. 230,000 km
c. 3.9 km
d. 2.3 km
e. 4.3 105 km
ANS: A
PTS: 1
19. If the distance to the nearest star is 4.2 light-years, then
a. the star is 4.2 million AU away.
b. the light we see left the star 4.2 years ago.
c. the star must have formed 4.2 billion years ago.
d. the star must be very young.
e. the star must be very old.
ANS: B
PTS: 1
20. The Milky Way Galaxy is
a. a spiral galaxy.
b. part of a cluster of galaxies that contains a few dozen galaxies.
c. about 80,000 light years in diameter.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D
PTS: 1
21. If the Earth were represented as a basketball (~10 in) and the Moon as a baseball (~3 in) then, to order
of magnitude, what size would best represent the diameter of the Sun?
a. 10 ft
b. 100 ft
c. 1000 ft
d. 10000 ft
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ANS: B
PTS: 1
22. Which sequence is correct when ordered by increasing size?
a. Earth, Solar System, Milky Way Galaxy, clusters of galaxies
b. Solar System, Earth, galaxy clusters, Milky Way Galaxy
c. Earth, Milky Way Galaxy, Solar System, galaxy clusters
d. Galaxy clusters, Solar System, Milky Way Galaxy, Earth
ANS: A
PTS: 1
23. How is a planet different than a star?
a. Planets are larger than stars.
b. Planets reflect light while stars produce their own light.
c. Stars move faster in the sky than planets.
d. Planets are brighter than stars.
ANS: B
PTS: 1
24. If we say that an object is 1,000 light-years away we see it
a. as it looked 1,000 years ago.
b. as it would appear to our ancestors 1,000 years ago.
c. as it looked 1,000 light-years ago.
d. as it is right now, but it appears 1,000 times dimmer.
ANS: A
PTS: 1
25. If the distance from the Sun to the Earth is represented by roughly 15 meters, then the distance from
the Earth to the Moon on the same scale would be
a. about 30 meters.
b. about 10 meters.
c. about 1 meter.
d. small than your hand.
ANS: D
PTS: 1
26. Assume the size of the Sun is represented by a baseball with the Earth is about 15 meters (150 million
km or 8 light minutes) away. How far away, to scale, would the nearest stars to the Sun be? Pick
the closest answer.
a. About the distance between New York and Boston. (330 km)
b. 100 meters away
c. About the distance across the United States from New York to Los Angeles (4300 km).
d. About the distance across 50 football fields. (50x 100 m)
ANS: C
PTS: 1
COMPLETION
1. The name of the average distance from Earth to the sun is one ____________________.
ANS: astronomical unit
PTS: 1
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2. Light takes about 8 minutes to travel from the sun to Earth and about 40 minutes to travel from the sun
to Jupiter. Jupiter is about ____________________ AU from the sun
ANS:
five
5
PTS: 1
3. A(n) ____________________ is the largest known structure in the universe.
ANS: filament
PTS: 1
4. A(n) ____________________ is the distance that light would travel in one year?
ANS: light-year
PTS: 1
5. The number 52,600,000,000 would be written in scientific notation as ____________________.
ANS: 5.26 1010
PTS: 1
TRUE/FALSE
1. The average distance from Earth to the sun is 1 AU.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
2. The nearest star is 1 ly from the solar system.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
3. A light-year is the distance light travels in one year.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
4. A kilometer contains 1 million meters.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
5. The sun is a star in the Milky Way Galaxy.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
6. The metric system is a decimal system.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
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7. 3.42 107 km is the same as 3.42 104 m.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
8. The numbers 9.81 105 and 981,000 are equivalent.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
9. An astronomical unit is larger than a light-year.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
10. A supercluster refers to a large group of stars within the Milky Way.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
ESSAY
1. Explain the difference between a light-year and the orbital period of Earth.
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
2. Why would the English system of units be more useful if a foot contained 10 inches?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
3. Why do we measure some distances in astronomy in light-years and some in astronomical units?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
4. From what you know about astronomical units and light-years, how would you define a light-minute?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
5. "I live 20 minutes from Center City." How is this statement similar to giving astronomical distances in
light-years?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
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PTS: 1
6. Describe the difference between a solar system and a galaxy.
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
7. Considering that the Sun is about 1/100 AU in diameter and a typical planet like Earth is 1/10,000 AU,
discuss whether or not our Solar System is crowded or empty?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
8. Briefly describe the scientific method.
ANS:
No answer provided.
PTS: 1