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APUSH Unit 4 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin c. fleeing to mountain hideaways. a. fewer slaves were needed on the plantations. d. purchasing their way out of slavery. b. short-staple cotton lost popularity. e. the objection to slaveholding by some white c. slavery was reinvigorated. women. d. Thomas Jefferson predicted the gradual death 7. The great increase of the slave population in the of slavery. first half of the nineteenth century was largely due e. the African slave trade was legalized. to 2. All the following were true of the American a. the reopening of the African slave trade in economy under Cotton Kingdom except 1808. a. cotton accounted for half the value of all b. larger imports of slaves from the West Indies. American exports after 1840. c. natural reproduction. b. the South produced more than half the entire d. reenslavement of free blacks. world's supply of cotton. e. the deliberate breeding of slaves by plantation c. 75 percent of the British supply of cotton came owners. from the South. 8. The profitable southern slave system d. quick profits from cotton drew planters to its a. hobbled the economic development of the economic enterprise. region as a whole. e. the South reaped all the profits from the cotton b. saw many slaves moving to the upper South. trade. c. led to the textile industry's development in the 3. All of the following were weaknesses of the slave South first. plantation system except that d. relied almost totally on importing slaves to a. it relied on a one-crop economy. meet the unquenchable demand for labor. b. it repelled a large-scale European immigration. e. enabled the South to afford economic and c. it stimulated racism among poor whites. educational progress. d. it created an aristocratic political elite. 9. By 1860, slaves were concentrated in the "black e. its land continued to remain in the hands of the belt" located in the small farmers. a. border states of Kentucky, Missouri, and 4. All told, only about ____ of white southerners Maryland. owned slaves or belonged to a slaveholding family. b. Deep South states of Georgia, Alabama, a. one fourth Mississippi, and Louisiana. b. one third c. old South states of Virginia, North Carolina, c. half and South Carolina. d. two thirds d. new Southwest states of Texas, Arkansas, and e. three fourths Indian Territory. e. mountain regions of Tennessee, West Virginia, 5. Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by and Kentucky. a. Susan B. Anthony. b. Lucrecia Mott. 10. Slaves fought the system of slavery in all of the c. Harriet Beecher Stowe. following ways except by d. Margaret Fuller. a. slowing down the work pace. e. Harriet Tubman. b. conducting periodic successful slave rebellions. c. sabotaging expensive equipment. 6. Some southern slaves gained their freedom as a d. pilfering goods that their labor had produced. result of e. running away from their masters. a. the prohibition of the Atlantic slave trade after 1807. b. purchase by northern abolitionists. 11. As a result of white southerners' brutal treatment of their slaves and their fear of potential slave rebellions, the South a. formed alliances with white imperialists in Africa. b. adopted British attitudes toward the "peculiar institution." c. emancipated many slaves. d. shed its image as a reactionary backwater. e. developed a theory of biological racial superiority. 12. Arrange the following in chronological order: the founding of the (A) American Colonization Society, (B) American Anti-Slavery Society, and (C) Liberty party. a. A, B, C b. C, A, B c. B, C, A d. A, C, B e. C, B, A 13. William Lloyd Garrison pledged his dedication to a. shipping freed blacks back to Africa. b. outlawing the slave trade. c. preventing the expansion of slavery beyond the South. d. forming an antislavery political party. e. the immediate abolition of slavery in the South. 14. In arguing for the continuation of slavery after 1830, southerners a. placed themselves in opposition to much of the rest of the Western world. b. were in opposition to the North but on the side of the Western world. c. failed to compare slaves with the northern factory worker. d. allowed considerable dissent in the South. e. aligned themselves with leading European intellectuals. 15. As a result of the panic of 1837 a. the U. S. established restrictions on foreign loans. b. Britain lent money to America, its close ally. c. anti-British passions cooled in America. d. the Democrats led America into war for more territory. e. several states defaulted on their debts to Britain. 16. The British-American dispute over the border of Maine was solved a. by the Third War for American Independence. b. by a compromise that gave each side some territory. c. when America was given all of the territory in question. d. by the Caroline incident. e. by admitting Maine into the Union and New Brunswick into Canada. 17. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) annexation of Texas, (B) Webster-Ashburton Treaty, (C) settlement of the Oregon boundary, and (D) Aroostook War. a. A, B, D, C b. B, D, C, A c. D, B, A, C d. C, A, B, D e. A, D, C, B 18. One argument against annexing Texas to the United States was that the annexation a. could involve the country in a series of ruinous wars in America and Europe. b. might give more power to the supporters of slavery. c. was not supported by the people of Texas. d. offered little political or economic value to America. e. would lead to tensions and possible war with the British. 19. Arrange in chronological order the United States' acquisition of (A) Oregon, (B) Texas, and (C) California. a. A, B, C b. C, B, A c. B, A, C d. B, C, A e. A, C, B 20. The area in dispute between the United States and Great Britain in 1845 lay between the a. forty-second parallel and the Columbia River. b. Cascade Mountains, the Columbia River, and Puget Sound. c. 36 30 line and the Columbia River. d. forty-ninth parallel and the 54 40 line. e. Columbia River, the forty-ninth parallel, and the Pacific Ocean. 21. In the 1840s, the view that God had ordained the growth of an American nation stretching across North America was called a. continentalism. b. isolationism. c. anglophobia. d. Divine Mandate. e. Manifest Destiny. 22. In 1846, the United States went to war with Mexico for all of the following reasons except a. the ideology of Manifest Destiny. b. the deaths of American soldiers at the hands of C. D. Winfield Scott John C. Frémont 3. 4. Santa Fe Mexico City Mexicans. c. the desire to gain payment for damage claims against the Mexican government. d. the impulse to satisfy those asking for spot resolutions. e. Polk's desire to acquire California. 23. The first Old World Europeans to come to California were a. Russians. b. French. c. Dutch. d. English. e. Spanish. 24. When the war with Mexico began, President James K. Polk a. advocated taking all of Mexico. b. believed the British would intervene on behalf of the Americans. c. hoped to fight a limited war, ending with the conquest of California. d. supported a large-scale conflict. e. denied any intention of expanding slavery. 25. The terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, ending the Mexican War, included a. a guarantee of the rights of Mexicans living in New Mexico. b. United States annexation of all the territory south of the Rio Grande. c. the banning of slavery from all territory ceded to the United States. d. a requirement that Mexico pay $3.25 million in damages to the United States. e. United States payment of $15 million for the cession of northern Mexico. 26. The Wilmot Proviso, introduced into Congress during the Mexican War, declared that a. Mexican territory would not be annexed to the United States. b. slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the United States. c. the United States should annex all of Mexico. d. the United States should have to pay Mexico a financial indemnity for having provoked the war. e. slavery in the territories would be determined by popular sovereignty. 27. Match each American officer below with his theater of command in the Mexican War. A. B. Stephen W. Kearny Zachary Taylor 1. 2. northern Mexico California 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. a. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 b. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 c. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 d. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 e. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3 According to the principle of popular sovereignty, the question of slavery in the territories would be determined by a. the most popular national leaders. b. a national referendum by the Electoral College. c. congressional legislation. d. a Supreme Court decision. e. the people in any given territory. The event that threatened to destroy the longstanding equality of free and slave states in the United States Senate was the a. passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. b. potential admission of Oregon as a free state. c. attempt to acquire Cuba as a slave state. d. proposed building of a southern transcontinental railroad. e. discovery of gold in California. Harriet Tubman gained fame a. by helping slaves to escape to Canada. b. in the gold fields of California. c. as an African American antislavery novelist. d. as an advocate of the Fugitive Slave Law. e. by urging white women to oppose slavery. For his position in his Seventh of March speech, Daniel Webster was viciously condemned by a. northern Unionists. b. northern banking and commercial interests. c. abolitionists. d. Henry Clay. e. John C. Calhoun. An event that helped the cause of compromise in 1850, was when President Zachary Taylor a. led an invasion of Texas to halt its attempts to take part of New Mexico. b. supported fellow southerner John C. Calhoun's plan for union. c. died suddenly and Millard Fillmore became president. d. ushered in a second Era of Good Feelings. e. decided not to run for re-election. The most alarming aspect of the Compromise of 1850 to northerners was the decision concerning a. b. c. d. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. slavery in the District of Columbia. slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories. the new Fugitive Slave Law. settlement of the Texas-New Mexico boundary dispute. e. continuation of the interstate slave trade. The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 included all of the following provisions except a. the requirement that fugitive slaves be returned from Canada. b. denial of a jury trial to runaway slaves. c. denial of fleeing slaves' right to testify on their own behalf. d. the penalty of imprisonment for northerners who helped slaves to escape. e. a higher payment if officials determined blacks to be runaways. The election of 1852 was significant because it a. saw the victory of a pro-South northerner. b. marked the return of issues-oriented campaigning. c. saw the rise of purely national parties. d. marked the end of the Whig party. e. saw the emergence of an antislavery third party. The man who opened Japan to the United States was a. William Walker. b. Franklin Pierce. c. Lafcadio Hearn. d. Clayton Bulwer. e. Matthew Perry. On July 3, 1844, the first formal diplomatic agreement between the United States and China was the a. Ostend Manifesto. b. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. c. Chinese Open-Door Treaty. d. Treaty of Wanghia. e. Hong Kong/Chinese Treaty. A scheme to acquire Cuba from Spain in the 1850s was known as the a. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. b. Wilmot Proviso. c. Kansas-Nebraska Act. d. Gadsden Purchase. e. Ostend Manifesto. 39. Stephen A. Douglas proposed that the question of slavery in the Kansas-Nebraska Territory be decided by a. popular sovereignty. b. making Kansas a free territory and Nebraska a slave territory. c. the Supreme Court. d. admitting California, Kansas, and Nebraska to the Union as free states. e. the winner of the next presidential election. 40. One of Stephen Douglas's mistakes in proposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was a. not securing the transcontinental railroad for the North. b. overestimating the protest to the bill. c. allowing slavery to spread into new territory. d. underestimating the depth of northern opposition to the spread of slavery. e. believing that slavery could not survive in Kansas. 41. In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled in the Dred Scott decision that a. slavery was inconsistent with the constitution and must be abolished. b. protection of slavery was guaranteed in all the territories of the West. c. slavery would be constitutional only in those areas that were already slave territories. d. abolition of slavery would be done only in those areas in which it is already abolished. e. slavery was constitutional, but the slave trade was unconstitutional. 42. Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin a. intended to show the cruelty of slavery. b. was prompted by passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. c. comprised the recollections of a long-time personal witness to the evils of slavery. d. received little notice at the time it was published but became widely read during the Civil War. e. portrayed blacks as militant resisters to slavery. 43. In "Bleeding Kansas" in the mid-1850s, ____ was/were identified with the proslavery element, and ____ was/were associated with the antislavery free-soilers. a. Beecher's Bibles; border ruffians b. John Brown; Preston Brooks c. the Pottawatomie massacre; the sack of Lawrence d. the Lecompton Constitution; the New England Immigrant Aid Society e. Stephen A. Douglas; William Sumner 44. President James Buchanan's decision on Kansas's Lecompton Constitution a. hopelessly divided the Democratic party. b. admitted Kansas to the Union as a free state. c. admitted Kansas to the Union as a slave state. d. reaffirmed the Democratic party as a national party. e. turned the focus of controversy to Nebraska. 45. The clash between Preston S. Brooks and Charles Sumner revealed a. the seriousness of political divisions in the North. b. the importance of honor to northerners. c. despite divisions over slavery, the House of Representatives would unite to expel a member for bad conduct. d. passions over slavery were becoming dangerously inflamed in both North and South. e. the division between the House and the Senate over slavery. 46. The central plank of the Know-Nothing party in the 1856 election was a. popular sovereignty. b. expansionism. c. proslavery. d. abolitionism. e. nativism. 47. In the presidential election of 1856, the Republicans a. revealed astonishing strength for a brand-new party. b. lost behind their most popular leader, Senator William Seward. c. made their debut as the most successful third party in American history. d. proved unable to present a clear platform on slavery expansion. e. finished third behind the Democrats and the Know-Nothings. 48. The real significance of the election of 1856 was that it a. showed that the Democrats still remained the majority party in the country. b. demonstrated the importance of charismatic leadership in the presidency. c. foreshadowed an ominous sectional clash over slavery in the election of 1860. d. marked the end of Senator Stephen Douglas's presidential hopes. e. signaled the demise of the Know-Nothing (American) Party. 49. Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Dred Scott decision, (B) Lincoln-Douglas debates, (C) Kansas-Nebraska Act, and (D) Harpers Ferry raid. a. A, C, B, D b. B, D, C, A c. C, A, B, D d. D, B, A, C e. A, C, D, B 50. Secessionists supported leaving the Union for all of the following reasons except a. they were dismayed by the success of the Republican party. b. they believed that the North would not oppose their departure. c. the political balance seemed to be tipping against them. d. they were tired of abolitionist attacks. e. they believed that Republicans had been infiltrating their political ranks. 51. The panic of 1857 resulted in a. a demand to end the government policy of giving away farmland. b. the extension of slavery to the territories. c. price supports for farmers. d. calls for restrictions on land and stock speculation. e. clamor for a higher tariff. 52. Stephen A. Douglas argued, in his Freeport Doctrine, during the Lincoln-Douglas debates that a. the Dred Scott decision was unconstitutional. b. slavery would stay down if the people voted it down. c. no matter what the people wanted, the Supreme Court was law. d. Congress should reopen the Atlantic slave trade. e. a new version of the Missouri Compromise was needed. 53. In his raid on Harpers Ferry, John Brown intended to a. call upon the slaves to rise and establish a black free state. b. arouse the South to secede from the Union. c. stir West Virginia to break away from Virginia as a free state. d. demonstrate that blacks could fight for their freedom. e. seize weapons to start a guerrilla war against the federal government. 54. Match each figure below with his role in the 1856 presidential campaign. A. John C. Frémont 1. B. Millard Fillmore 2. C. Stephen A. Douglas 3. D. James Buchanan 4. Democratic nominee for president Republican nominee for president Know-Nothing (American Party) nominee for president Too tainted by Kansas-Nebraska Act to obtain Democratic nomination c. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 d. A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 e. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 a. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4 b. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3 55. Match each presidential candidate in the 1860 election below with his party's position on the slavery question. A. B. C. D. a. b. c. d. e. Abraham Lincoln Stephen Douglas John Breckenridge John Bell A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4 A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 1. 2. 3. 4. extend slavery into the territories ban slavery from the territories preserve the Union by compromise enforce popular sovereignty APUSH Unit 4 Test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. C E E A C D C A B B E A E A E B C B C E E D E C E B B E E A C C C A D E D E A D B 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. A D A D E A C C E E B A C B