Download Egypt/Kush - Mrs. Blackwell Social Studies

Egypt
• We will be taking the Egypt Pretest.
• Get chromebook (don’t open), silent reading
book, writing utensil and a data sheet from
the front table.
• Silent Read until Pretest.
• After pretest, complete data sheet (#2)
Schedule:
Pretest with data
Video
Title page (HW)
Geography of Egypt
What can we learn from this image?
What can we learn from this image?
• Where do you think the
majority of the people
lived?
• Describe what the
Green and Tan areas of
the map?
• How could the location
of Egypt help it grow
into a great civilization?
Ancient Egyptian Song
“Hail O Nile, who comes from
the earth, who comes to give
life to the people of Egypt”
What are the benefits of living
near a river?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Water to drink
Water for farming
Washing
Transportation
Fishing
Hunting animals
Mud for building
The Nile
• Longest river in the world
• 4145 miles
• Flows to the north from the Ethiopian high
lands to the Mediterranean sea.
• Begins as two separate rivers-Blue and
White Nile
• Lower Egypt-North Egypt near the delta
• Upper Egypt-South of Memphis
The Nile
• Lower EgyptNorth Egypt
near the
delta. North
of Memphis
• Upper EgyptSouth of
Memphis
The Delta
• A delta is the land at the mouth of a
river that is formed by mud and sand as
it is deposited by a large river.
Nile Delta from Space
Herodotus
“Gifts of The Nile”
• About 2,500 years ago, Herodotus, a Greek visitor
to ancient Egypt called Egypt the “Gifts of The
Nile”.
• The gifts of the Nile were very important to the
Egyptians.
• What are the Gifts?
Herodotus
Gifts of the Nile #1-Silt
Black Soil/Silt that was left by the
floods.
>The Silt recharged the soil
> Allowed Farmers to grow a surplus
of crops.
Kemet
• The Egyptians called their
land Kemet or the Black
Land.
• They called it Kemet
because of the rich black
farm land (silt).
Herodotus
Gifts of the Nile #2-Papyrus
• Papyrus- Large reed that grew wild along
the river.
• They used it to make mats, boats, baskets,
ropes, sandals…
• Strips glued together in sheets made paper.
Long sheet is a scroll.
Irrigation
• Each year the river would flood.
• Heavy rains and melting snow from
central Africa caused the floods
• Nile floods were gentle and dependable
compared to Mesopotamia.
Irrigation
To take advantage of the annual flooding of the
Nile, the people built irrigation channels to carry
water into fields
Shaduff- Irrigation tool
Natural Boundaries
• The Sahara Desert (Eastern and
Western Deserts) are located next to
the Nile.
• The Mediterranean Sea to the North
• Red Sea to the East.
• 6 Cataracts throughout the Nile.
• Cataracts are rapids, waterfalls.
Made transportation difficult in some
areas.
Ancient
Egypt
Vocabulary
Nile
River
The longest
river in the
world. The
lifeblood of
Ancient
Egypt.
Delta
A triangle
shaped
area of
land made
of soil
deposited
by a river
Pharaoh
The title
used by the
rulers of
Egypt,
means
“Great
House”
Dynasty
A series of
rulers from
the same
family
Afterlife
An
important
part of
Egyptian
religion…it
was the
continued
life of one’s
soul after
death
Mummies
Special
treated
(preserved)
bodies
wrapped in
cloth so
they could
use them in
the afterlife.
Pyramids
Large stone
pointed
structure
with four
triangle walls
that met in a
point on
top…built as
tombs for the
pharaohs and
their queens
Import
Goods
brought In
to your
area by
other
regions
Export
Goods that
Exit your
area to
other
regions
Hieroglyphics
The
Ancient
Egyptian
writing
system
Rosetta Stone
A stone slab
inscribed with
hieroglyphics
that provided
the key to the
modern
understanding
of Egyptian
hieroglyphs.
1. Economy- the way a country uses resources to produce
and sell or trade goods and services to meet people’s
needs and wants.
2. Imports- to bring in from an external sources.
3. Export- items sent to other regions for trade.
4. Nile River- the longest river in world flowing through
Africa.
5. Sarcophagus- a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse,
most commonly carved in stone
6. Mummy- a specially treated body wrapped in cloth for
preservation.
7. Papyrus- a long-lasting paper-like material made from
reeds in ancient Egypt.
8. Pharaoh- the title used for rulers of Egypt.
9. Hieroglyphics- The Ancient Egyptian writing system
10. Afterlife- An important part of Egyptian religion…it was
the continued life of one’s soul after death
Warm-up Thursday 11/19 –Don’t write
out. Use image to answer.
#1- What do you see in the image?
#2- What do you think this was used for?
#3- Why do you think the artifact or person/object
on the
artifact was important
to this civilization?
#4- What conclusions
could we make about
the civilization based
on what we see?
Rotation Response
Rotation #1- What do you see in the image? What do you notice and what do
you know about what you see in the image?
Rotation #2- Read what the last person wrote. Can you add anything to what
they wrote? What do you think this artifact was used for?
Rotation #3- Why do you think the artifact or person/object on the artifact was
important to this civilization? What questions do you have about this image?
Rotation #4- What conclusions could we make about the civilization based on
what we see in this artifact?
Final Rotation- Discuss images as a group, pick one and write a caption for it on
the sticky note provided. Be ready to share.
The
Ancient
Egyptians
Written and Illustrated by
Phillip Martin
The Ancient Egyptians
Define:
Nile River
The Egyptian civilization
grew up along the Nile
River, the longest river
in the world at 4135 m
or 6670 km.
Ancient Egyptians called
it the Great River and
believed the tears of
Isis caused the river to
overflow each year.
The Ancient Egyptians
Most of the leaders of
Egypt were men called
Pharaohs. But, there were
three women pharaohs.
The term pharaoh means
“great house” because the
Egyptians believed the
king’s body was the home
of a god.
What does
the term
“pharaoh”
mean? Why?
The Ancient Egyptians
There were also queens and probably the most
famous of all of them was Cleopatra VII.
She wasn’t even Egyptian!
The family of Ptolemy I
was from aWhere
linewasof Greeks
Cleopatra
from?time of
going back
to the
Alexander the Great and
they ruled the land of
Egypt from 323 – 30 BC.
The Ancient Egyptians
Most of the pyramids in Ancient Egypt were built
for the Pharaohs and their families.
So far, over 130
pyramids have been
discovered in the land
of the Pharaohs.
The Ancient Egyptians
The largest of all pyramids is Giza’s Pyramid of
Khufu. It was built in 2560 BC.
The weight
of this
massive
structure
is as much
as eighteen
Empire State
Buildings!
What was the
biggest Pyramid?
Compare this
pyramid to a
structure in the
US.
The Ancient Egyptians
Mummies were not made
to create scary monsters
at the movies.
Egyptians believed
that mummification of the
body would preserve the
soul in the after-life.
Unwrapped, a mummy’s
bandages can stretch for
almost a mile (1.6 km)!
Why did
Egyptians
mummify the
dead?
The Ancient Egyptians
Define:
Hieroglyphics
The Egyptian form of
writing with symbols is
called hieroglyphics.
That word isn’t Egyptian.
It comes from the Greek
words hieros (sacred) and
glyphe (carving).
They coined this term
because of the writing in
Egyptian temples.
The Ancient Egyptians
Egyptian invented glass blowing, sails, locks, the
calendar and were one of the first civilizations to
produce writing (with papyrus and black ink).
They loved to play
games too. Some
of the games were for
adults and some
were for the whole
family.
Nobody played bingo.
What are 3
things invented
by the
Egyptians?
The Ancient Egyptians
The Egyptians took their
fashion seriously. Both men
and women wore make up
as well as wigs.
Make up was considered
both magical and healing.
Kohl, applied to the eyes,
reduced the sun’s glare.
The Ancient Egyptians
Historians divide the history
of Egypt into three periods:
The Old Kingdom, the
Middle Kingdom and the
New Kingdom.
The kingdoms started
around 3000 BC and
continued until they fell to
the Roman Empire in 30 BC.
What were the 3
periods in
Ancient Egypt?
The Ancient Egyptians
The Egyptians had many gods and goddesses.
In fact, there were more than 2,000 of them!
To learn about some of the main gods, visit this
presentation on the Gods of Ancient Egypt.
Warm up 11/30 –Don’t write out!
A monument to Queen Hatshepsut stands
in ancient Egypt’s largest temple in Thebes.
Inscriptions highlight the trading voyage to Punt as
the greatest achievement of her reign. The list of
goods the trade ships brought back includes gold
and ivory, live animals and thousands of animal
skins, logs of ebony wood, and a substance called
myrrh, which was used to make incense and
perfume. There were also live myrrh trees the queen
had planted in the garden of a temple. The
Hatshepsut inscription emphasizes the importance
of trade to the Egyptian economy and people.
• How did Egypt’s geography make it easy for Egypt
to trade with other
civilizations?
• What does this example of ancient Egypt show us
about the importance of trade
to the development of a civilization?
Be sure to provide
details and examples in
your answer.
Warm-up Tuesday 12/1
1) How does the annual flooding of the Nile affect farmers in the Nile River Valley?
A) It makes it difficult for farmers to get their crops to market.
B) It enriches the soil with new nutrients carried in from upriver.
C) It destroys whatever crops have not been harvested by late spring.
D) It enables them to grow a crop of rice between the harvest of other crops.
2) Egypt’s first pharaoh
A) established a democratic government
B) reformed Egypt’s main form of religion
C) unified the people living along the Nile
D) increased trade with peoples in the Middle East
3) What was one focus of Queen Hatshepsut’s rule?
A) expanding foreign trade
B) enlarging Egyptian territory
C) reducing the power of male officials
D) ending power struggles between cities
Wednesday 12/2
1) (don’t write out) The grand vizier, whose power was second only to that of the pharaoh, was in
charge of the ministry of agriculture. Other government officials were responsible for managing the
fields or livestock.
(write out)The information presented above best supports
A) the use of slave labor to build irrigation systems
B) the need for a strong military to protect trade routes
C) the government’s central role in managing farming
D) the importance of using public food supplies to prevent starvation.
2) Which group had the highest social status during the reign of the pharaohs?
A) temple priests
B) wealthy merchants
C) government scribes
D) high-ranking soldiers
3) Which statement describes the major difference between peasants and other farmers in ancient
Egypt?
A) Peasants were not allowed to participate in the same religious rituals.
B) Peasants did not own the land that they farmed and worked on.
C) Peasants lived in remote villages in houses made of mud-bricks.
D) Peasants were required to work on the pharaoh’s building projects such as the pyramids.
Sarcophagus Rubric
____/20 at least 3-4 solid paragraphs about the
article(s) that you read and annotated
____/15 Colorful Sarcophagus front-side.
____/5 Hieroglyphics included (not random
symbols)
____/10 A face included with a headdress
____/50 Total
Due Monday 12/8!!! This is a FORMAL Grade.
Warm Up Friday 12/4
1)
(do not write out) The discovery of Tutankhamen’s tomb provided archaeologists with many
artifacts that were very useful in helping them better understand ancient Egyptian life.
(write out) Which statement best explains why Tutankhamen’s tomb was special?
A) Tutankhamen ruled Egypt longer than any other pharaoh.
B) Little had been known about this period in Egyptian history.
C) Egyptian historians had not mentioned the location of this tomb.
D) This tomb still contained everything that had originally been placed inside.
2) Which statement best explains why Tutankhamen’s tomb was filled with so many different
items from everyday Egyptian life?
A)
Egyptians buried servants alive in their pharaoh’s tombs.
B)
Egyptians believed that the afterlife was similar to life on Earth.
C)
Egyptians often used their burial tombs as storage for surplus goods.
D)
Egyptians wanted to leave a record of their culture for future peoples to discover.
3) Ancient Egyptians mummified the deceased to
A) preserve bodies for life in the underworld
B) prevent the god Seth from destroying their souls
C) preserve bodies for research purposes
D) prevent the smell of decomposition
Warm Up 12/7
1) What did the tradition of mummifying the dead give ancient Egyptian
doctors?
A) a wide knowledge of medicinal plants and herbs
B) the ability to fix broken bones and cure unhealthy teeth
C) a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the human body
D) the chance to use trial and error to test out new methods of curing the sick
2) Archaeologists who have studied X-rays of mummies have concluded that
ancient Egyptian doctors could conduct which medical procedure?
A) remove tumors
B) install false teeth
C) set broken bones
D) transplant organs
Warm up 12/8
1) Which statement best explains why Egypt had multiple trade relationships
with other civilizations?
A) Egypt had mineral resources that other civilizations did not.
B) Egypt was able to grow grains and food that other civilizations needed.
C) Egyptians needed to import most necessities in order to survive.
2) Which two activities were most important to the strength of the ancient
Egyptian economy?
A) farming and trade
B) mining and tool-making
C) shipbuilding and fishing
3) Which resident of ancient Egypt would most likely have been enslaved?
A)
B)
C)
a craftsperson who carves a statue that insults the pharaoh
a foreign diplomat who brings news that displeases the pharaoh
an enemy soldier who is captured in a battle with the army
Warm Up 12/9
Copy and complete the statements:
(use old warm-ups and notes to help)
1. Ancient Egyptians buried their most prized
possessions with them because…
2. Ancient Egyptians were able to trade for a lot
of goods they didn’t have because…
3. Ancient Egyptians mummified the deceased
because…
4. King Tut’s tomb was special because….
Warm Up 12/10
copy question and answer
1. Which device from today is most similar to
what ancient Egyptians used?
a. Lawnmower
b. calculator
c. scale
2. What was papyrus?
3. How did ancient Egyptians use papyrus?
Warm-up 12/11
Use yesterday’s reading/notes to help you. (Write
them out and answer)
1) What geographic feature did Kush share with
Egypt?
2) Why is Kush also called Nubia?
3) Who did Kush trade with?
Write a “Thank You” Card in Hieroglyphics
Step #1: Choose anyone you want to write a thank you card to. This can be a friend,
family member, teacher, etc. Write down what you want your card to say in English on a
sheet of loose leaf for a rough draft.
Step #2: Fold your construction paper in half. Use pencil to write your message on your
card. Go over the symbols in marker. [Hint: Make sure you write your symbols large
enough for people to read!]
Step #3: Glue down the hieroglyphics code sheet on the card.
Step #4: Decorate your card. Be creative!