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Background and Beginnings Faithology - Background & Beginnings 1 Jewish History (from the Bausch, Chapter 1) † Most Catholics have some vague memories about Jewish history… At best they can recall only a few things they have learned in school or read. But more than a vague memory is needed if they are to understand the beginnings of Christianity, for Christianity is a mid-Eastern religion imported to the West. † It takes its roots from Judaism. † Its early theology and liturgy are grounded in Jewish terms and ways and in the cultural context of Israel, an Eastern country, not a European one. Faithology - Background & Beginnings 2 Jewish History (from the Bausch, Chapter 1) Abraham God’s promise to him and his son Isaac that they would father a great nation God’s Chosen People Identity adopted by early Church (the “new” People of God) Jacob Isaac’s son (later called Israel) has twelve sons who were to head the twelve tribes Twelve Apostles Joseph Remember the multicolored coat? Sold into slavery but in time became the Prime Minister of Egypt Settlement in Egypt Years of prosperity followed by oppression and slavery when the Hittites gained control of Egypt “I am Joseph, your brother!” (Gn 45:4) Pope John XXIII Identity reasserted as recently as Vatican II; L.G. 2 refers to the Church as the “People of God” Faithology - Background & Beginnings 3 Jewish History (from the Bausch, Chapter 1) Moses “Let my people go!” Freed from bondage, wandered in the Sinai wilderness for 40 years. Entered into the “Promised Land.” Covenant (Ex 19:3-25) Period of the Kingdom Hebrew language developed (mesh of Canaanite & Aramaic) Philistine Threat Israel becomes a “player” as a nation! Samuel appoints Saul King Torah Scriptures Solomon Kingdom temporally unites but separates after threat diminishes Division between Judea & Israel Division between Judea Faithology - Background & & Israel Beginnings Temple Built Jerusalem internationalized multiculturalism 4 Jewish History (from the Bausch, Chapter 1) Assyrian Invasion/Exile Civil War 721 B.C.E. Babylonian Captivity Babylonian Defeat 587 B.C.E. 538 B.C.E. Persia defeats Babylon North (Samaria) separate from the South (Judea) Samaria conquered 1. Jewish Elite deported 2. Jewish peasantry stays and mixes with non-Jewish inhabitants Judea conquered 1. Temple razed 2. Jews carried off into captivity Exile ends Samaritans: Some Jews chose to remain where they were settled and other return to their homeland 1. only Pentateuch 2. Mt Gerizim (Holy of Holies - not Jerusalem temple!) Judea survives until 587 B.C.E. Judeans: 1. Samaritans half breeds and heretics 2. Jerusalem Temple (Holy of Holies - not Mt Gerizim!) Covenant Re-examined New emphasis on spiritual deliverance, restoration of the Davidic monarchy, and a Messiah. The Torah become even more important. Jewish people & faith now all over the world Faithology - Background & Beginnings Temple Rebuilt 516 B.C.E. 5 Jewish History (from the Bausch, Chapter 1) Formative Age Alexander the Great defeats Persia Rededication of the Temple 165 B.C.E. Civil War 63 B.C.E. Rome intervenes 331 B.C.E. Liturgy assumes its definitive shape Hellenization via Egypt occurs 1. Alexandria & Philo of Alexandria 2. Septuagint Synagogue emerged as an established institution Seleucids of Antioch Hellenization Continues Two camps: 1. Sadducees • Conservative • Nationalistic • Isolationistic 2.Pharisees • More Liberal • Torah Centered (perhaps legalistic) Desired an empire uniform in culture and religion - “corrupted” Judaism Works of the Hebrew Bible assembled in an authoritative fashion Maccabee Revolt Faithology - Background & Beginnings Jerusalem under Roman control 1.Thousands of Jews forced into slavery 2.Jerusalem becomes a Roman protectorate under the leadership of the Sanhedrin and Herod 3. Upon Herod’s death, territory divided up - each section under a governor, e.g. Pilate, 26 - 36 C.E. 6