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DYNASTIES OF ANCIENT CHINA T H E P O W E R F U L . T H E C O R R U P T, T H E G O O D . SHANG DYNASTY Shang Dynasty: Controlled the land in the Yellow River Valley, located in central and eastern areas of China Proper. SHANG DYNASTY • 1600 B.C – 1046 B.C. • 2nd Dynasty in Ancient China • 1st King, Tang, led rebellion to overthrow Xia Dynasty • Military: • Used Infantry to attack enemies in battle {led to defeat of Xia} • Used bronzed weapons: (I.E.) – Spears, Axes, Bows & Arrows • Bronze Age: • Shang Dynasty prospered during the Bronze Age – created and used various bronze objects: • Including: Bronze glasses, chariots, & hairpins. • Tombs of Kings were decorated in Bronze Achievements: • Created earliest forms of glazed pottery • Developed complex writing system • Examples of writing carved on bones and bronze items • Astronomers correctly determined the length of a year {365 and ¼ days} • Way of Life: • 13.5 million people still lived & functioned as nomads • Overtime they began to create settlements that included complex irrigation systems to allow for effective farming • Began to grow crops: Wheat, Millet, Rice & Barley Religion: • Honor & worship your ancestors • Must keep ancestors happy = good harvest • A farming season that was bad, or suffered from drought was believed to be caused by angry ancestors The End: • Emperor Shang Xin was cruel and ruled with cruel laws – the government was oppressive! • Overthrown & replaced by the invading Zhou territory! ZHOU DYNASTY Zhou Dynasty (Chou): Controlled land in China Proper: Along the Yellow River Valley ZHOU DYNASTY • 1046 B.C. – 256 B.C. • Coexisted with the Shang Dynasty – • Shang people rose in support of Zhou against their cruel leaders • Zhou had a very strong military • Army divided into 2 sections: “6 armies of the West” & “8 armies of the Chengzhou” • These armies patrolled the land and kept the people protected • Iron Age: • Iron tipped plows made farming more efficient • Iron weapons: swords, armor, helmets • Inventions: • • • • Compass & Kite Created complex irrigation system 1st geographical map of China Experimented with herbal pesticides to protect crops Mandate of Heaven: • Belief that Emperor was picked by God! • Heaven {God} would bless the authority of a good ruler with prosperity and success • Natural disasters/ famines were signs that God was losing confidence {faith} in the Emperor • Led to riots & overthrows of rulers (governments) • Mandate of Heaven would then be passed to a new ruler 3 Schools of Thought established during the Zhou Dynasty: 1. Confucianism – proper morals & respect to elders/rulers 2. Daoism {Taoism} – established principles of harmony & encouraged disengagement from society 3. Legalism – people are naturally evil, the only way to create a peaceful society was through strict laws and harsh punishments The End: • Fell to the Qin Dynasty – China was in disarray by the end of the Zhou Dynasty: • The strong government led by Qin under the ideas of Legalism created a sense of stability in the nation that the Ancient Chinese people wanted QIN DYNASTY Qin Dynasty: Controlled much of China Proper, expanding from the Yellow River Valley QIN DYNASTY • 221 B.C. – 207 B.C. • Started as a state within in the Zhou Dunasty • Slowly worked to gain power, popularity and strength to over throw the Zhou Dynasty • Through ideas of Legalism – Qin Dynasty ruled as a strict, harsh government that transformed the chaos in Ancient China to a period of stability. • During 14 years of Rule – the Qin dynasty was ruled by Qin: • Known as a harsh, cruel & paranoid leader • Greatly feared by his people & in the end they hated him! • Burned books, lived lavish lifestyle, & was extremely strict Achievements: • Continued to use Iron goods (like the Zhou dynasty) • Made them stronger and more durable • Created a standard of writing and currency!! • Unified China! • Known for the creation of canals and a vast network of roads • Allowed for faster and more efficient communication between territories, armies and government officials. Great Wall of China: http://www.history.com/topics/great-wall-of-china • Created first stretch of the “great wall” • Created to protect from Mongolian enemies • Had a method of communicating to army posts by using smoke/fire signals • Invaders eventually able to invade the wall. The End: • Fell due to the paranoid mind of Emperor Qin • Began taking medicines containing mercury to try to make him immortal – these medicines drove him mad • After his death – China fell into chaos EMPEROR QIN – HIS PALACE • Emperor Qin was paranoid & wanted immorality • Began creating an underground palace/kingdom that would be used for his after life. • http://www.history.com/topics/great-wall-of-china/videos/ tomb-of-chinas-first-emperor HAN DYNASTY Han Dynasty: Ruled over much of China population – stretching much further south and west than any other previous dynasty HAN DYNASTY • 206 B.C. – 220 C.E. • Seized control of China after the death of Emperor Qin • Conquered and controlled more land than any other dynasty! • 92% of Chinese population today consider themselves a part of the “Han people” • Chinese language is made up of “Han characters” • Greatest period of Chinese History!!!!!!!!!! • Achievements: • Experimented with steel • Weapons of Han included: axes, crossbows, swords, knives • Calvary wore Armor!! {not just military generals!} Achievements: • • • • Created 1st form of paper – made of Bark, Hemp & wheat stalks Acupuncture was invented! 1st to launch a hot air balloon Created simple tools: • Wheel barrow, glazed pottery, stirrups for a horse’s saddle • Among first to experiment with weaved clothing • Transformation of Government = Greatest achievement! • Han created a civil service exam that tested all government workers • All government prospects needed to pass the exam