Download Egypt Notes

Take out homework
Paragraph on Aim
Land of the Pharaohs
Aim: How was Egypt united and what
role did pharaohs play in ancient Egypt?
Do Now: Take out paragraph on Aim
5,000 years ago
– villages were
thriving
Increase in
trade along the
Nile
Use of Egyptian Boats
 Trade
 Gold
- jewelry
 Papyrus - silver
 Transportation
- cloth
- timber
Two Kingdoms
 Wars between villages
 Upper Egypt – supported king with a white
crown
 Lower Egypt – supported king with a red crown
United Kingdoms
 Menes – king of Upper Egypt who united Upper and
Lower Egypt
 His army overthrew king of Lower Egypt
 Now wore a double crown of red and white
 Unification – the joining of separate parts into one
Pharaoh Menes
 Menes became the first pharaoh
 Title used for ancient rulers of Egypt
 Absolute power and thought to be a god
 Three time periods of Egypt
 Old Kingdom – 2500 B.C.
 Middle Kingdom – 1800 B.C.
 New Kingdom – 1300 B.C.
Land of the Pharaohs
 Aim: How was the economy and
religion significant to ancient Egypt?
 Do Now: What does the word economy
mean?
Land of the Pharaohs
 Aim: How was the economy and
religion significant to ancient Egypt?
 Do Now: What does the word economy
mean?
Religion
 Priests have political power as well as religious
 Pharaoh - child of sun god Ra
 Polytheism - Belief in many different gods
Government
 Local leaders made area governors
 Collect taxes
 Local judges
 Reported to pharaoh’s headquarters in Memphis – capital city
of Egypt
Economy
 Economy – the way a country or people
manage money and resources for the
production of goods and services
 All things in kingdom belonged to the
pharaoh
 Based on:
 agriculture
 Trade
Afterlife
 Central to the religion of Egypt
 After person dies, go on to the “Next World”
 Could take food or objects with them
 Mummification – bodies dried and wrapped in
strips of cloth
 For Egyptian royalty
Egyptian Sarcophagus
Land of the Pharaohs
 Aim: What was the importance of having
scribes and a system of writing in ancient
Egypt?
 Do Now: Take out worksheet
A System of Writing
 Hieroglyphics – ancient Egyptian form of writing
that used symbols to stand for objects, ideas, or
sounds
A System of Writing
 Why is writing so important?
 Record keeping
 Communication
 Religion
 Keep track of details
Scribes
 Scribe – people who traveled throughout
Egypt to keep records of details
 Recorded
 How much grain farmers harvested
 How much farmers owed to the
government
 Drafted letters and marriage contracts
 Highly respected because few were literate
– able to read and write
Scribes
 Only boys could become scribes
 Wrote on papyrus – a reed plant that grows along the Nile
 used sharpened reeds as pens
Rosetta Stone
 A.D. 400 – hieroglyphics fell out
of use and meaning was lost
 18th century – large stone found
with a passage written in
hieroglyphics and Greek
 Could now compare the Greek
to hieroglyphics and decode
the language
 **The Rosetta Stone allowed
historians to discover more
details about Ancient Egypt**
Building the Pyramids
 Aim: Why were
pyramids built?
 Do Now: Open
Egyptian Website
link on website.
Building the Pyramids
 Pyramids – stone structures
built as tombs for pharaohs
 The Great Pyramid
 Pharaoh Khufu ordered
construction in 2600 B.C.
 20 years and 100,000
people to build
 Entire cliffs were cut into
blocks to make the pyramid
 Building the Great Pyramid
 Avg. weight of blocks – 2.5 tons
 Total blocks – 2,300,000
 Blocks per day – 285
Building the Great Pyramid
 Use Nile River to transport materials
 Ramp theory – gradually sloping ramps
 Stones pulled up ramps by laborers
 Blocks made of limestone and granite
The Great Pyramid
 Each side faces the four cardinal directions
perfectly
 North, South, East, and West
 481 feet high
 Angles of sides - 51degrees
Old Kingdom
 Many pharaohs building pyramids
 These projects took there toll on Egypt’s
 Economy
 People
 Anger began to grow
 2000 B.C. leaders in Upper Egypt
rebel and set up a new pharaoh
 Capital in Thebes
 What is a necropolis?
 What is the importance of mound-shaped structures for
Egyptians?
 What is a mastaba?
 What is difficult about making a flat sided pyramid?
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9BDk4iS8nY
 0-16:00