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Epsom and Ewell High School Year 8 Health and physiology levels 3-5 45 Minutes Name ______________________ Date ______________________ Target level ____ Mark: Level: / 50 WWW EBI Page 1 Epsom and Ewell High School Q1. The drawing below shows the human rib cage. (a) The rib cage protects organs in the chest. Give the names of two organs in the chest. 1. ................................................................ 2. ................................................................ 2 marks (b) The ribs are attached to the breast bone by cartilage which bends easily. This lets the space in the chest get bigger. Why is it important that the space can get bigger? ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ 1 mark (c) The drawings below show parts of three different organ systems. Draw a line from each organ system to its function. Draw only three lines. Page 2 Epsom and Ewell High School 3 marks maximum 6 marks Q2. This is Jamie having an X-ray of his arm. Page 3 Epsom and Ewell High School The drawing below shows the X-ray photograph. (a) Complete the sentence. 1 mark The parts of Jamie’s arm which show up on the X-ray are made of ................................................................... . (b) What did the X-ray photograph show had happened to Jamie’s arm? ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... 1 mark Page 4 Epsom and Ewell High School (c) Jamie drew the following diagram of parts of his arm. (i) On the diagram, draw a line from the letter J to a joint in the arm. 1 mark (ii) Why are joints needed in the arm? ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. 1 mark (iii) The parts which contract to move the arm do not show up on an X-ray. What are these parts called? Tick the correct box. blood vessels glands muscles skin 1 mark Maximum 5 marks Page 5 Epsom and Ewell High School Q3. In 2007, a new law came in to stop people smoking in public buildings. (a) Smoking can be very harmful. Which three problems can be caused by smoking? Tick the three correct boxes. being out of breath easily lung cancer being overweight food poisoning heart disease 2 marks (b) Some scientists investigate ‘passive smoking’. Passive smoking is when people breathe in smoke from other people’s cigarettes. They checked the health of three groups of people. (i) Which group of people breathe in the least cigarette smoke? Tick the correct box. group A group B group C 1 mark (ii) Which two groups will help scientists find out the effects of passive smoking? Tick the two correct boxes. Page 6 Epsom and Ewell High School group A group B group C 1 mark (c) People in group B are likely to have similar health problems to people in group C. Explain why. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 1 mark (d) Four scientists investigated passive smoking. The table below shows the number of people each scientist studied from each group. scientist group A group B group C David 289 3 18 Olga 8 6 11 Peter 402 399 403 Mary 15 210 511 Which scientist is likely to get the most reliable results? Tick the correct box. David Olga Peter Mary 1 mark maximum 6 marks Q4. (a) Drinking alcohol can cause changes in the body. Page 7 Epsom and Ewell High School (i) Draw a line from each change to the effect on the body. Draw only three lines. 2 marks (ii) People who drink alcohol and then drive a car are likely to have accidents. From the information above, which effect of drinking alcohol causes accidents? ............................................................................................................... 1 mark (c) (i) corrosive What do the hazard warning symbols, A and B, on this tube of glue mean? Choose from the box below and write your answers on the lines. explosive flammable toxic radioactive 2 marks (ii) The glue contains a solvent. Page 8 Epsom and Ewell High School Why is it dangerous to breathe in the fumes from the glue? ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 1 mark maximum 8 marks Q5. The diagram below shows an organ system in the human body. (a) What is the name of the organ system shown in the diagram? Tick the correct box. circulatory system digestive system Page 9 Epsom and Ewell High School reproductive system respiratory system 1 mark (b) What are the names of parts A and B? part A ..................................................................……. part B ..................................................................……. 2 marks (c) Parts C are bones which support the chest. Give the name of these bones. 1 mark (d) The photograph shows a man using a sanding machine on a piece of wood. He is wearing a mask to stop him from breathing in the sawdust. The mask has tiny holes in it. (i) When the man breathes in, the mask separates particles of sawdust from the air. What is this method of separation called? ............................................................................................................ 1 mark Page 10 Epsom and Ewell High School (ii) If the man breathed in the particles of sawdust, what might happen to him? ............................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................ 1 mark Maximum 6 marks Q6. The diagram below shows the human skeleton (a) (i) Draw a line from the letter J to one joint in the leg. 1 mark (ii) Why do we need joints in our skeleton? ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. 1 mark Page 11 Epsom and Ewell High School (b) (i) Which part of our skeleton, labelled in the diagram, moves so that we can breathe? ............................................................................................................. 1 mark (ii) Which part of our skeleton, labelled in the diagram, moves so that we can chew food? ............................................................................................................. 1 mark (c) Which one of the following is needed in the diet for strong bones and teeth? Tick the correct box. 1 mark (d) The diagram below shows part of the arm. (i) Parts A and B are attached to bones. What name is given to parts of the body like parts A and B? ............................................................................................................. 1 mark (ii) Part A gets shorter. In which direction does the lower arm move? Page 12 Epsom and Ewell High School ............................................................................................................. 1 mark Maximum 7 marks Q7. (a) The animals drawn below all have backbones. not to scale (i) What word describes animals with a backbone? ........................................................... 1 mark (ii) There are five groups of animals with a backbone. Only four groups are shown above Give the name of the missing group ........................................................... 1 mark (b) The drawing below shows the human backbone. It is made up of a number of small bones. Page 13 Epsom and Ewell High School Why is it an advantage that the backbone is made up of small bones rather than one long bone? ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... 1 mark (c) The drawing below shows two small bones from the backbone. Between the small bones there is a material called cartilage. Cartilage is softer than bone. Give one advantage of having a softer material between the bones. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... 1 mark (d) The diagram below shows the bones and two muscles of an arm. Page 14 Epsom and Ewell High School The biceps and triceps are muscles which raise and lower the forearm. What happens to the biceps and triceps to raise the forearm? the biceps ........................................................... the triceps ........................................................... 1 mark maximum 5 marks Q8. Nancy is a dancer. Page 15 Epsom and Ewell High School (a) When Nancy dances her arms and legs are moved by pairs of antagonistic muscles. How do antagonistic muscle pairs work? Tick the correct box. Both muscles contract at the same time. One muscle is big and the other is small. As one muscle contracts, the other relaxes. One muscle is strong and the other is weak. Both muscles relax at the same time. 1 mark (b) As Nancy dances her breathing changes because she needs more oxygen. The graph below shows how the volume of air in her lungs changes when she dances. Page 16 Epsom and Ewell High School From the graph, give two ways her breathing changes when she dances. 1. .................................................................................................................... 1 mark 2. .................................................................................................................... 1 mark (c) Nancy’s muscle cells produce carbon dioxide as she dances. Which of the following shows how the carbon dioxide is removed from Nancy’s body? Tick the correct box. muscle cells bloodstream muscle cells windpipe muscle cells bloodstream muscle cells windpipe windpipe lungs lungs nose bloodstream nose windpipe nose lungs nose lungs bloodstream 1 mark maximum 4 marks Page 17 Epsom and Ewell High School Q9. People who have emphysema have damaged air sacs in their lungs. The diagrams show a section through a normal air sac and a section through a damaged air sac. (a) Gas exchange takes place at the inside surface of the air sac when a person breathes. (i) Which two gases are exchanged at this surface of the air sac? ................................................ and ................................................... 1 mark (ii) The amount of gas exchanged is smaller in a damaged air sac. Explain why. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. 1 mark (b) The list shows four substances present in cigarette smoke. carbon particles carbon monoxide nicotine tar Choose from the list the substance which: (i) causes addiction to smoking cigarettes; ............................................................................................................ 1 mark Page 18 Epsom and Ewell High School (ii) may cause lung cancer; ............................................................................................................ 1 mark (iii) is carried instead of oxygen in the red blood cells. ............................................................................................................ 1 mark Maximum 5 marks Page 19