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Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Test Review Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1. Obtaining continual learning and using common sense are examples of ways to promote ____. a. spiritual wellness c. mental and intellectual wellness b. emotional wellness d. social wellness 2. Public health and sanitation systems were first developed by the ____. a. ancient Greeks c. ancient Chinese b. ancient Egyptians d. ancient Romans 3. The Father of Medicine is ____. a. Hippocrates c. Rhazes b. Aristotle d. Galen 4. A vaccination for smallpox was developed in 1796 by ____. a. James Lind c. Gabriel Fallopius b. Edward Jenner d. Joseph Priestley 5. Disinfectants and antiseptics were first used to prevent infection during surgery by ____. a. Dr. James Simpson c. Louis Pasteur b. Joseph Lister d. Dr. Philippe Pinel 6. The professional education of nurses was started by ____. a. Clara Barton c. Marie Curie b. Florence Nightingale d. Lillian Wald 7. The individual whose studies formed the basis for psychology and psychiatry is ____. a. Sir Alexander Fleming c. Sigmund Freud b. Dr. Philippe Pinel d. William Roentgen 8. Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by ____. a. Sir Alexander Fleming c. Walter Reed b. Frederick Banting d. Robert Koch 9. The polio vaccine was developed in 1952 by ____. a. Francis Crick c. Marie Curie b. Charles Best d. Jonas Salk 10. The first “test tube” baby was born in England in the ____. a. 1950s c. 1970s b. 1960s d. 1980s 11. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was identified as a disease in the ____. a. 1960s c. 1980s b. 1970s d. 1990s 12. Birth control pills were first approved by the FDA in the ____. a. 1940s c. 1960s b. 1950s d. 1970s 13. The first kidney transplant in humans was performed in the ____. a. 1940s c. 1960s b. 1950s d. 1970s 14. The alternative therapy that uses breathing and muscle relaxation techniques to quiet the mind by focusing attention on obtaining a sense of oneness is ____. a. meditation c. yoga ____ 15. ____ 16. ____ 17. ____ 18. ____ 19. ____ 20. ____ 21. ____ 22. ____ 23. ____ 24. ____ 25. ____ 26. ____ 27. ____ 28. b. reflexology d. imagery The alternative therapy that encourages the use of certain vitamins to neutralize free radicals is ____. a. herbal medicine c. antioxidants b. phytochemicals d. macrobiotic diet The alternative therapy based on the belief that illness and pain occur when Qi (life energy) is blocked as it flows through meridians is ____. a. reflexology c. homeopathy b. acupressure d. biofeedback The alternative/complementary practitioner who believes that a life energy flows through every living person in an invisible system of meridians is a/an ____. a. ayurvedic practitioner c. naturopath b. chiropractor d. Chinese medicine practitioner A degree awarded by a college or university after a prescribed course of study that usually lasts four or more years is a/an ____. a. associate’s degree c. master’s degree b. doctor’s degree d. bachelor’s degree A process by which a government agency authorizes individuals to work in a given occupation after the person has completed an approved education program and passed a state board test is ____. a. registration c. licensure b. certification d. authorization In order to renew licenses or maintain certification, individuals must obtain additional hours of education called ____. a. secondary education units c. continuing education units b. post-secondary education units d. certification units A level of education for health occupations that usually requires at least three to four years of college plus work experience is ____. a. technologist or therapist c. technician b. professional d. assistant or aide An individual who organizes, manages, and assumes the risk of a business is a/an ____. a. multiskilled worker c. professional b. entrepreneur d. technologist A dental specialty that treats and prevents diseases of the gingiva or gums, bone, and structures supporting the teeth is ____. a. pedodontics c. prosthodontics b. periodontics d. endodontics A dental specialty that treats diseases of the pulp, nerves, blood vessels, and roots of the teeth is ____. a. endodontics c. prosthodontics b. orthodontics d. oral surgery A medical specialist who treats disease of the skin is a/an ____. a. cardiologist c. orthopedist b. dermatologist d. radiologist A medical specialist who treats diseases and disorders of children is a/an ____. a. internist c. pediatrician b. pathologist d. neurologist A medical specialist who treats disease of the female reproductive system is a/an ____. a. internist c. gynecologist b. oncologist d. geriatrician A medical specialist who treats tumors and cancer is a/an ____. a. cardiologist c. proctologist b. oncologist d. orthopedist ____ 29. A medical specialist who treats diseases and disorders of the eye is a/an ____. a. radiologist c. oncologist b. dermatologist d. ophthalmologist ____ 30. An example of a health career in the NHCSS therapeutic cluster is ____. a. dental hygienist c. health educator b. phlebotomist d. central/sterile supply worker Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. Athletic trainer n. b. Audiologist o. c. Biomedical equipment technician p. d. Central/sterile supply worker q. e. Dental hygienist r. f. Dental laboratory technician s. g. Dialysis technician t. h. Dietitian u. i. Electrocardiograph technician v. j. Electroencephalographic technologist w. k. Emergency medical technician x. l. Geriatric assistant y. m. Health care administrator ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. Licensed practical/vocational nurse Medical records technician Medical laboratory technologist Orthodontist Perfusionist Periodontist Pharmacist Phlebotomist Physician assistant Psychologist Recreational therapist Speech-language therapist Provide emergency, prehospital care to accident victims Dispense medications and provide information on drugs Use recreational and leisure activities as a form of treatment Operate the heart-lung machines Study human behavior; help individuals deal with the problems of living Operate machine to record electrical activity in the brain Study tissues, fluids, and cells of the body to help determine the presence and/or cause of disease Order, maintain, and stock all of the equipment and supplies used in a health care facility Assess nutritional needs of individuals and manage food service systems Provide care to individuals with hearing problems Short Answer 41. What services are provided by dental laboratories? 42. What groups of people are covered by Medicare? 43. What is the federal act that requires states to establish training and competency evaluation programs for nursing and geriatric assistants? 44. Identify at least three different methods of cost containment, and briefly describe how each method tries to control the rising cost of health care. 45. Discuss four alternative methods of health care, and explain why it is important for health care workers to be aware of these methods. Write the abbreviation for each of the following: 46. Doctor of Medicine 47. Veterinarian 48. Registered Veterinary Technician 49. Certified Medical Laboratory Technologist 50. Paramedic Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Test Review Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: C D A B B B C A D C C C B A C B D D C C A B B A B C C B D A MATCHING 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: K T X R W J P D 39. ANS: H 40. ANS: B SHORT ANSWER 41. ANS: preparation of dentures and other devices used to repair or replace teeth 42. ANS: all individuals over the age of 65 and any person with a disability who has received Social Security benefits for at least two years 43. ANS: Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987 44. ANS: diagnostic related groups: limit is placed on cost of care based on the diagnosis classification, health care agencies are encouraged to provide care within the expense limit allowed; combination of services: clinics, laboratories shared by different agencies, HMOs, and PPOs all try to combine services to avoid duplication; outpatient services: patients receive care without admission to hospitals or other care facilities in order to decrease costs; mass or bulk purchasing: several agencies buy equipment and supplies in larger quantities to obtain a reduced price; early intervention and preventive services: providing care before acute or chronic disease occurs; energy conservation: monitoring the use of energy to control costs and conserve resources 45. ANS: acupressure: pressure is applied with fingers, palms, thumbs, or elbows to specific pressure points of the body to stimulate and regulate the flow of energy; acupuncture: very thin needles are inserted at specific points along the meridians in the body to stimulate and balance the flow of energy; antioxidants: nutritional therapy that encourages the use of substances to prevent or inhibit oxidation of free radicals; aromatherapy: use of selected fragrances to alter mood and restore the body, mind, and spirit; biofeedback: relaxation therapy that uses monitoring devices to provide a patient with information about his/her reaction to stress by showing the patient his/her physical responses to stress; healing touch: gentle hand pressure is applied to the body’s chakras (energy centers) to harness and balance the life energy force, help clear blockages, and stimulate healing; herbal or botanical medicine: uses herbal medicines to remove impurities, strengthen the immune system, and protect against disease; homeopathy: uses very minute, dilute, doses of drugs to produce the symptoms of the disease being treated and to stimulate the immune system to remove toxins and heal the body; hydrotherapy: uses water in any form for healing purposes; hypnotherapy: induces a trance-like state so a person is more receptive to suggestion; imagery: uses imagination and as many senses as possible to visualize a pleasant and soothing image; onization: uses air ionizers to produce negatively charged air particles to treat respiratory diseases; macrobiotic diet: nutritional therapy based on the balance between yin and yang; meditation: teaches individuals breathing and muscle relaxation techniques to quiet the mind by focusing attention on obtaining a sense of oneness; pet therapy: uses animals to enhance health and stimulate an interest in life; phytochemicals: nutritional therapy that uses nonnutritive plant chemicals to help prevent disease; play therapy: uses toys to allow children to learn about situations, share experiences, and express emotions; positive thought: developing self-awareness, self-esteem, and love for oneself to allow the body to heal itself; reflexology: applies pressure to specific points on the foot so energy is directed toward the affected body part; spiritual therapies: uses prayer, meditation, self-evaluation, and spiritual guidance to allow an individual to use the powers within to increase a sense of well-being and promote healing; Tai Chi: uses a series of sequential, slow, graceful, and precise body movements combined with breathing techniques to improve energy flow; therapeutic touch: practitioners use their hands to locate alterations or changes in the body’s energy field in order to balance the energy flow to stimulate healing; yoga: uses concentration, specific positions, and ancient ritual movements to maintain the balance and flow of life energy; 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. patients have the right to use these methods, and health care workers must respect this right while providing total patient care ANS: MD ANS: DVM or VMD ANS: VTR ANS: CMT ANS: EMT-P or EMT-4