Download China and India

• In 256 B.C.E.
the Zhou
Dynasty was
overthrown.
• By 221 B.C.E. a man by
the name of Qin had
overthrew the Zhou
Dynasty, and all other
opposition,
• He placed himself as
the ruler of China.
 The Qin Dynasty only
lasted about 11 years.
 The Qin dynasty made
changes that effected
the history of China for
thousands of years.
 So influential was Qin,
that the name of the
nation, China, comes
from his name.
• Qin named himself
Qin Shi Huangdi,
which means Qin,
the first emperor
of China.
Qin Shi Huangdi
reorganized China.
Established a strict
set of written laws.
Setup military
control in each
region of China.
Qin wanted everything
to be under his direct
authority and control.
• Qin forced the peasants, to
build roads, bridges, canals,
buildings, and the Great Wall of
China.
• Qin ordered the connection of
existing walls and expanded
them, to a distance of over
4000 miles.
• Over 300,000 peasants were
forced to build the Great Wall.
Many died during the
construction.
•
• In 207 B.C. a new dynasty came
to power.
• Led by a peasant whose named
Liu Bang.
• Liu Bang proclaimed that the
Qin had lost the mandate of
heaven, or the right to rule the
nation.
• He established himself as the
first emperor of the Han
Dynasty.
• The Han Dynasty ruled China
for the next 400 years.
Peace thru war and plunder.
• The Han made China one
of the wealthiest and most
powerful nations on Earth.
• Their achievements would
only be surpassed by the
Roman Empire.
• China was isolated from
much of the rest of the
world.
• In 139 B.C.E., emperor Wudi sent
general Zhang Qian, to explore other
nations.
• This general and his army visited
other civilizations and nomadic
tribes.
• The armies of Zhang Qian were
attacked and destroyed by the
nomadic tribes many of Zhang Qian's
men.
• Zhang Qian himself was held prisoner
for 10 years.
• Qian returned with stories of a great
civilization to the West that equaled
China.
• Emperor Wudi began
to develop the silk
road.
• Merchant traders took
silk from China to the
West, and brought
glass, linen, and gold
back to China.
• The silk road stretched
across nearly 5000
miles of land and
water.
•
Pax Sinica
• During the Han Dynasty,
China enjoyed a 400 year
period of peace and
prosperity.
• Han emperors established:
strong central government.
Improved storage of food.
written exams for
government positions.
Chinese Dynasties and Their Achievements
Dynasties
Xia Dynasty
2100-1800 B.C.E.
Notable
Rulers
Aryans
Achievements
•
•
Migrated into the area and conquered the local
peoples
Developed superior weaponry and technology
Thirty
separate
kings
•
•
Ruled from a succession of seven different
capitals.
Invention of writing
Zhou Dynasty
1122-256 B.C.E.
Kings +
Noblemen
•
•
Expansion
Regional rulers
Qin Dynasty
221-206 B.C.E.
Qin
•
•
•
Centralization of authority
Written laws
Building projects (Great Wall of China)
Han Dynasty
207B.C.E.–220 C.E.
Han
Wudi
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
400 year rule
Exploration (Zhang Qian)
Expansion of trade
Silk Road
Pax Sinica
Food reserves
Merit-based appointments
Shang Dynasty
1500-1100 B.C.E.
Chinese Philosophies/Religions
Philosophy/
Religion
Founders
Characteristics
Confucianism
Confucius
(Kongzi)
•
•
•
Peace and order
Respect for elders
Ethical human relationships
Daoism
Laozi
•
•
•
Reject material things
Commune with nature
Become one with Dao (force within all things)
Buddhism
Budda
•
•
•
•
Four Noble Truths
Eightfold path
Nirvana
Harmony with the universe
321 B.C.E.-550 C.E.
• Founder of Maurya Empire - 1st unified Indian empire
 Unified northern India.
 Divided his empire into provinces, then districts for
tax assessments and law enforcement.
 He feared assassination  food tasters, slept in
different rooms, etc.
 301 BCE  gave up his throne & became a Jain.
(304 – 232 BCE)
• Grandson of Chandragupta
• Represents high point of Mauryan Empire, 268-232 BCE
• Expanded empire to include all of Indian subcontinent except for
south
• Positive leadership integrated Indian society
 Religious conversion after the battle of Kalinga in 262 BCE.
 Dedicated his life to Buddhism.
 Built extensive roads.
 Conflict  how to balance methods of keeping power
and Buddhism
 Wrote law code on rocks or pillars (Stupas)
 Buddhist principles dominate his laws.
• Economic crisis follows death of Ashoka
• Regions begin to abandon Mauryan Empire
– Disappears by 185 BCE
• Founded by Chandra Gupta, c. 320 CE
• Highly decentralized leadership
• Foundations for studies in natural sciences and
mathematics
• Great Rulers
 Chandra Gupta I - “Great King of Kings” r. 320 – 335 CE
 Chandra Gupta II r. 375 - 415 CE
 Profitable trade with the Mediterranean world!
 Hindu revival.
 Huns invade – 450 CE
1000 diseases
classified
500 healing
plants
identified
Printed
medicinal guides
Plastic
Surgery
Gupta
Achievements
Kalidasa
Literature
Medicine
C-sections
performed
Decimal
System
Inoculations
Gupta
India
Mathematics
Concept
of Zero
PI = 3.1416
Solar
Calendar
Astronomy
The earth
is round
• Frequent invasions of White Huns, 5th c. CE
• Gupta Dynasty disintegrates along regional
fault lines
• Smaller local kingdoms dominate until
Mughal Empire founded in 16th c.
• Caste system from
Aryan times
– Brahmins (priests)
– Kshatriyas (warriors,
aristocrats)
– Vaishyas (Peasants,
merchants)
– Shudras (serfs)
– Untouchables