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Exam #5
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. According to the text, the British intervention in Egypt that began in 1876 and culminated with a
military takeover in 1882 was a dramatic break with earlier nineteenth-century European expansion
because
a. the British forced Egypt to open its ports to European trade.
b. the British intervened as part of a humanitarian effort to aid flood victims.
c. the British aimed to offer the Egyptians full citizenship.
d. the British hoped to convert the Egyptians to Christianity.
e. the British took direct political control of Egypt.
____
2. All of the following were part of Prussia before 1866 except
a. Schleswig-Holstein.
b. Westphalia.
c. Pomerania.
d. Brandenburg.
e. Silesia.
____
3. After the Franco-Prussian War, Prussia
a. imposed a harsh peace on France.
b. imposed a generous peace on France.
c. asked for international participation in the formation of the peace treaty.
d. acknowledged its own role in starting the war.
e. made the status quo before the war the basis of the peace treaty.
____
4. The writings of Heinrich von Treitschke reflected the
a. anti-imperialist critique.
b. nationalist drive for colonies.
c. economic interpretation of imperialism.
d. missionary aspect of imperialism.
e. socialist view of imperialism.
____
5. During the war, social distinctions were blurred by all of the following except
a. death at the front.
b. rationing of scarce goods.
c. shared hardships.
d. government decrees.
e. full employment.
____
6. The Petrograd Soviet's Army Order No. 1
a. launched the disastrous July offensive.
b. led to a total collapse of discipline in the Russian army.
c. resulted in a counterrevolutionary attack on Petrograd.
d. reinvigorated morale in the Russian army.
e. ordered the execution of all officers above the level of sergeant.
____
7. Thirty-four percent of European emigrants between 1851 and 1960 came from
a. Germany.
b. Italy.
c. Great Britain and Ireland.
d. Russia.
e. Poland.
____
8. During World War I, the Balkans, with the exception of __________, were occupied by the Central
Powers.
a. Greece
b. Serbia
c. Bulgaria
d. Albania
e. Bosnia
____
9. The long-established customs union among the German states was known as the
a. Zemstvo.
b. Zollverein.
c. Reichstag.
d. North German Confederation.
e. Sadowa.
____ 10. Bismarck's alliance system was designed to isolate France and
a. expand German territory eastward.
b. challenge Britain's dominant world position.
c. create rival diplomatic blocs in Europe.
d. maintain peace between Russia and Austria-Hungary.
e. control the Balkans.
____ 11. The chief cause of growing tension between Britain and Germany in the first decade of the twentieth
century was
a. the British naval blockade of German colonies in South Africa.
b. the British fear that German economic domination of Russia would exclude British investment.
c. German support for Russia during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905.
d. increasing German immigration to Great Britain.
e. intense commercial rivalry and the German decision to construct a large world-class navy.
____ 12. The revolutionary reduction in the size of European families was in large part caused by
a. the family's desire to improve its economic and social position.
b. the effectiveness and availability of birth control.
c. women wanting to pursue careers outside the home.
d. oppressive Victorian morality.
e. an epidemic of infertility related to environmental contamination.
____ 13. Ismail Ali ruled for sixteen years as Egypt's ___________, or prince
a. khedive
b. shah
c. caliph
d.
e.
imam
pharaoh
____ 14. Ignorance and ______________ were most responsible for the poor conditions in early industrial
cities.
a. government indifference
b. poor hygiene
c. an unhealthy water supply
d. air pollution
e. the legacy of rural housing conditions
____ 15. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
a. established an independent Serbian state.
b. was generous to a fault.
c. ended the war between Russia and Germany.
d. was supported by France, Britain, and the United States.
e. brought the United States into World War I.
____ 16. Karl Lueger, the popular mayor of Vienna, espoused
a. Hungarian nationalism.
b. evolutionary socialism.
c. revolutionary Marxism.
d. parliamentary democracy.
e. anti-Semitism.
____ 17. The efforts of wartime governments to wage total war resulted in all of the following except
a. a shortening of the war.
b. an effective and destructive war effort on both sides.
c. a blurring of the distinction between soldiers and civilians.
d. the emergence of socialism as a realistic economic blueprint.
e. widespread censorship of the press.
____ 18. The Second International declared ___________ an annual international one-day strike.
a. December 10
b. June 1
c. May 1
d. January 1
e. March 15
____ 19. The Boxer Rebellion was
a. a revolt of Chinese military officers who supported westernization against the Qing Empress
b.
c.
d.
e.
Dowager.
a rebellion of traditionalist Chinese patriots who wished to expel all Westerners from China.
a mutiny in the British Mediterranean fleet.
an uprising of militant Muslims against British rule in Sudan.
a revolution made by patriotic samurai who overthrew the Japanese shogun.
____ 20. In the decades before 1848, ____________ pushed for a centralized democratic Italian republic.
a. Mazzini
b.
c.
d.
e.
Garibaldi
Cavour
Bismarck
Victor Emmanuel
____ 21. Rudyard Kipling's “white man's burden” referred to
a. the social costs of industrialization.
b. the difficulties of reaching consensus in a democratic society.
c. the supposed innate inferiority of the white race.
d. the white race's supposed duty to “civilize” inferior, nonwhite races.
e. the high costs of maintaining colonial rule.
____ 22. The key issue in the U.S. rejection of the Treaty of Versailles was
a. American indignation at the amount of German reparations.
b. fear of the Bolshevik Revolution.
c. the Senate's fear of losing control of the right to declare war.
d. Wilson's conflict with Clemenceau over Germany's borders.
e. American anger at the Treaty's extension of European colonialism.
____ 23. The Russian Revolution of 1905 resulted from all of the following causes except
a. business and professional classes' desire for political modernization.
b. the Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905.
c. a radicalized and unhappy working class.
d. growing nationalism among subject peoples of the empire.
e. the assassination of Alexander III.
____ 24. Sun Yat-sen
a. led the traditionalist “Boxers” in their rebellion against the Western presence in China.
b. was the most reformist adviser to the Qing government.
c. advocated overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of a Chinese republic.
d. was a Chinese general who led an attempted coup against the Qing government.
e. advocated the quiet cultivation of traditional Chinese virtues as a response to the West.
____ 25. According to the text, German Social Democrats recovered their losses of the 1907 election and
became the largest party in the Reichstag in 1912 in part because
a. they endorsed Marx's call for a violent revolution.
b. they accepted trade unions' call for evolutionary rather than revolutionary socialism.
c. they took on a more patriotic tone and broadened their base.
d. they began courting Catholics in south Germany.
e. they merged with the German Liberal Party.
____ 26. After defeats at the Battles of ___________ and Masurian Lakes, Russia never posed a real threat to
Germany.
a. the Urals
b. Tannenberg
c. the Black Sea.
d. the Danube
e. the Volga
____ 27. According to the text, the single most “fatal decision” made by Tsar Nicholas II in the time before
the Russian Revolution was
a. his decision to free Rasputin from house arrest.
b. his decision to allow Lenin to return home to Russia.
c. his decision to mobilize the home front.
d. his decision to build a large modern navy.
e. his decision to travel to the front and take personal command of the Russian army.
____ 28. After 1850, husbands and wives, in the cities, were able to work together only in
a. factories.
b. sweated industries.
c. whitecollar jobs.
d. small-scale retail trade.
e. mines.
____ 29. In his Evolutionary Socialism, ____________ suggested that socialists should reform their doctrines
and tactics.
a. Wilfred Smith
b. Robert Owen
c. Karl Marx
d. Jean Jaurès
e. Edward Bernstein
____ 30. The Sino-British war, which ended with the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, was caused by
a. British attempts to break the Chinese monopoly on the tea trade.
b. the brutal massacre of Christian missionaries by the Chinese army units.
c. British attempts to intimidate the Manchu emperor.
d. the Chinese seizure of Hong Kong.
e. Chinese attempts to stop the British-controlled opium trade.
____ 31. Bismarck's constitution for the North German Confederation featured all of the following except
a. a lower house elected by universal, male suffrage.
b. local control of local affairs.
c. Prussian control of the federal government, army, and foreign affairs.
d. an elected president.
e. an upper house of delegates appointed by different German states.
____ 32. The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885
a. set the terms for the division of China into economic zones of influence.
b. declared Africa off-limits to colonization.
c. determined peace terms that ended the Sino-Japanese War.
d. set up the terms for the division of most of Africa among European colonial powers.
e. established high tariffs to protect German industry.
____ 33. Walter Rathenau is remembered for his
a. May Day rally in opposition to the German war effort.
b. assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
c. role in Germany's total war mobilization.
d.
e.
antiwar novels, which he wrote after the war.
advocacy of violent revolution against the German government.
____ 34. In 1846, Marx played a key role in establishing the
a. Russian Communist party.
b. the First International of socialists.
c. German Communist party.
d. British Communist party.
e. the Second International of socialists.
____ 35. Lenin's faction was known as the Bolsheviks, or “____________.”
a. minority group
b. majority group
c. radical group
d. revolutionary group
e. fighting group
____ 36. Louis Napoleon's election as president of the Second Republic and then hereditary emperor was a
product of all of the following except his
a. famous name.
b. protection of property.
c. antiCatholic beliefs.
d. positive program.
e. image as a strong leader who would override special interests.
____ 37. Which of the following events occurred first?
a. “Bloody Sunday” rocked Russia.
b. Bismarck launched his Kulturkampf.
c. The U.S. Civil War began.
d. Napoleon III claimed the throne in France.
e. The first social security laws were passed in Germany.
____ 38. The greatest impediment to nation building in the United States was
a. its weak “colonial” economy.
b. regional differences exacerbated by slavery.
c. the lack of common ancestry among its citizens.
d. the intellectual legacy of the American Revolution.
e. religious conflict.
____ 39. In order to force Austria to give up its territory in Italy, Cavour secured an alliance with
a. the pope.
b. Prussia.
c. the Hungarians.
d. France.
e. Russia.
____ 40. Ahmed Arabi exemplifies
a. collaborationist response to Western imperialism.
b. armed resistance to Western imperialism.
c.
d.
e.
cooperative, but uncommitted, response to Western imperialism.
westernization as a response to Western imperialism.
nonviolent resistance to Western imperialism.
____ 41. Which of the following events occurred last?
a. First Balkan War begins.
b. Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated.
c. Rasputin is murdered.
d. Ministry of Munitions established in Britain.
e. Russian Revolution topples Nicholas II.
____ 42. Germany's Auxiliary Service Law
a. mobilized local police for service with the German army at the front.
b. created an organization of female nurses attached to the German army.
c. banned the conscription of skilled industrial workers.
d. mandated the forced conscription of Belgian subjects for labor service in Germany.
e. required all males between the ages of 17 and 60 to work only at jobs considered crucial for the
war effort.
____ 43. Garibaldi was the leader of the
a. Black Shirts.
b. Red Shirts.
c. White Shirts.
d. Green Shirts.
e. Black Shorts.
____ 44. Which of the following events occurred last?
a. Perry “opens” Japan.
b. United States takes over the Philippines.
c. Suez Canal is completed.
d. Conrad publishes Heart of Darkness.
e. Meiji Restoration establishes new government in Japan.
____ 45. By 1913, world trade had
a. increased by 25 percent over the 1800 level.
b. almost tripled that of 1800.
c. more than doubled that of 1800.
d. grown twenty-five times that of 1800.
e. remained stagnant for more than two generations.
____ 46. Bismarck's Kulturkampf refers to
a. his drive to make German workers more “cultured.”
b. his attack on the Catholic church in the German Empire.
c. his attempt to stamp out anti-German attitudes in France following the Franco-Prussian War.
d. his 1864 war against Denmark.
e. his promotion of the German Empire's new National Theater.
____ 47. Which of the following events occurred first?
a. Perry “opens” Japan.
b.
c.
d.
e.
United States takes over the Philippines.
Suez Canal is completed.
Conrad publishes Heart of Darkness.
Meiji Restoration establishes new government in Japan.
____ 48. The typical European immigrant was often
a. a middle-class professional.
b. an urban factory worker.
c. a small farmer or rural craftsperson.
d. a landless peasant.
e. an aristocrat.
____ 49. The Dreyfus Affair
a. revived the prestige of the French army.
b. drove a wedge between Catholics and anti-Semites.
c. revived republican distrust of Catholicism.
d. fanned the flames of French imperialism.
e. created a witch-hunt for German spies in the French army and intelligence services.
____ 50. Sergei Witte was
a. the Minister of Finance who led Russian industrialization in the 1890s.
b. the assassin of Alexander II.
c. the founder of Russian Marxism.
d. the architect of Russia's Great Reforms in the 1860s and early 1870s.
e. Nicholas II's chief minister who passed laws encouraging individual ownership of land.
____ 51. In his book Imperalism, J. A. Hobson maintained all of the following except that
a. imperialism was justified by Darwin's theory of natural selection.
b. imperialism diverted attention from much-needed domestic reform.
c. imperialism resulted from capitalists' search for profitable investments.
d. imperialism benefited only a small number of private interests.
e. imperial possessions did not pay off for the imperial country as a whole.
____ 52. ___________ led the United States' effort to gain access to Japanese markets.
a. Theodore Roosevelt
b. William Bryan
c. President McKinley
d. Edward Johnson
e. Matthew Perry
____ 53. In the Battle of Omdurman, the British lost twentyeight troops, while Sudanese forces lost
a. 1,000.
b. 600.
c. 100.
d. 11,000.
e. 100,000.
____ 54. In which episode in the unification of Italy did Guiseppe Garibaldi play a key role?
a. Austria's defeat of Mazzini's republicanism in 1848.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The defeat of Austria at Solferino in 1859.
The peace negotiations at Villafranca in 1859.
The conquest and annexation of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
The annexation of Rome in 1870.
____ 55. China's __________ government's efforts to stamp out the opium trade were opposed by the British.
a. Qing
b. Ming
c. Yuan
d. Song
e. Tang
____ 56. According to the text, the harshest clause of the Treaty of Versailles with regard to Germany was
a. the establishment of a separate state along the Rhine River.
b. territorial transfers from Germany to France and Poland.
c. the limitation of the German army to 100,000 men.
d. the transfer of Germany's colonies to France, Britain, and Japan.
e. the mandating of huge war reparations payments.
____ 57. According to the text, which of the following major powers was unable to harness the strength of
modern nationalism?
a. Great Britain.
b. France.
c. Germany.
d. Italy.
e. Austria-Hungary.
____ 58. Agrarian socialist _____________ led the provisional government that formed after the fall of
Nicholas II.
a. Sergei Witte
b. Nicholas Cheka
c. Leon Blum
d. Leon Trotsky
e. Alexander Kerensky
____ 59. The large new colony acquired by the U.S. in Asia in the Spanish-American War of 1898 was
a. Thailand.
b. Vietnam.
c. Taiwan.
d. Burma.
e. the Philippines.
____ 60. The primary factor that influenced whether European immigrants returned to their native lands was
a. their degree of success in the New World.
b. family connections in Europe.
c. the strength of their new nationalism.
d. the possibility of buying land in the home country.
e. the strength of their traditional culture.
____ 61. The African colonial subjects of Britain and France
a. used the war as an opportunity to revolt.
b. played no part in the war.
c. opposed the war as irrelevant to their interests.
d. lent clandestine support to Germany.
e. generally supported their foreign masters.
____ 62. The Great Reforms in Russia included all of the following except
a. a national parliament.
b. the abolition of serfdom.
c. establishment of a new institution of local government.
d. reform of the legal system.
e. relaxation of censorship.
____ 63. The ______________ linked Austria, Germany, and Russia.
a. Three Emperors' League
b. Triple Alliance
c. Triple Entente
d. Central Alliance
e. Conservative League
____ 64. Which statement below best characterizes Napoleon III's economic policies?
a. They were mercantilist.
b. They were laissez-faire.
c. They aimed at nationalization of major industries.
d. They favored the interests of landed aristocrats.
e. They used government action to stimulate railroad building and investment.
____ 65. The cash crop that revitalized the slave economy of the southern United States in the nineteenth
century was
a. tobacco.
b. sugar cane.
c. cotton.
d. rice.
e. potatoes.
____ 66. Napoleon III believed that rebuilding Paris would lead to all of the following except
a. increased employment.
b. a more equitable division of wealth.
c. glorification of his empire.
d. improved living conditions.
e. greater control over revolutionary crowds.
____ 67. All of the following nations joined the war on the side of the Central Powers except
a. Bulgaria.
b. Germany.
c. the Ottoman Empire.
d. Austria-Hungary.
e.
Italy.
____ 68. The decline in illegitimacy rates after 1850 was probably the result of
a. higher incidence of marriage for expectant mothers.
b. decreased premarital sexual activity.
c. urban renewal.
d. increased availability of contraception and abortion.
e. the increased influence of religion among the lower classes.
____ 69. While Europeans migrated for a variety of reasons, most did so
a. for economic reasons.
b. for political reasons.
c. for religious reasons.
d. for personal reasons.
e. to avoid the draft.
____ 70. Joseph Lister is responsible for the
a. development of the germ theory.
b. popularization of the miasmatic theory.
c. practice of antiseptic sterilization.
d. theory of genetics.
e. theory of the separation of powers.
____ 71. In 1912, the ____________ party was the largest party in the Reichstag.
a. German Social Democratic
b. German Christian
c. Blood and Iron
d. National Socialist
e. Liberal
____ 72. Grigori Rasputin was assassinated by
a. Bolshevik revolutionaries.
b. agents of the tsarist police force.
c. German mercenaries.
d. nationalistic aristocrats.
e. Japanese spies.
____ 73. Generally, the offensives on the western front
a. made significant territorial gains.
b. relied heavily on flanking movements of cavalry units.
c. were depressingly similar slaughters of massed infantry units.
d. were won by the army on the offensive.
e. were launched by the Germans.
____ 74. In 1910 Korea became a colony of
a. China.
b. Russia.
c. France.
d. Japan.
e.
Germany.
____ 75. Jews made up the immigrant group least likely to return to their native land, primarily because of
a. the violent anti-Semitism in eastern Europe.
b. the success they enjoyed in their new homes.
c. laws against such repatriation.
d. the high cost of travel back to Europe.
e. the strength of Jewish traditional culture.
____ 76. German chancellor Otto von Bismarck
a. at first disdained the acquisition of colonies as a waste of effort and funds, but later took several
b.
c.
d.
e.
African colonies for Germany.
rejected the acquisition of colonies as a waste of effort and funds.
consistently advocated German acquisition of a global empire.
criticized the British and French colonial empires on humanitarian grounds.
sought to establish German colonies in Latin America.
____ 77. In the Balkans, white-collar workers (clerks, store managers, and so on) grew their fingernails very
long because
a. they were imitating fashion in the Ottoman capital of Istanbul.
b. they wished to separate themselves from those who worked with their hands.
c. long fingernails were thought to be a mark of good hygiene.
d. they could not afford nail clippers.
e. they viewed long nails as a sign of asceticism and hence saintliness.
____ 78. According to the text, which Indian social group had the greatest opportunities under British colonial
rule?
a. The untouchables.
b. The Muslim elite.
c. Upper-caste Hindus.
d. The Sikhs.
e. The peasants.
____ 79. At the Paris Peace Conference, French premier Georges Clemenceau
a. strongly supported the creation of a League of Nations.
b. advocated lenient treatment of Germany.
c. agreed to renounce France's claim to Alsace and Lorraine.
d. wanted to create a buffer state between Germany and France.
e. objected to the breakup of the Austrian Empire.
____ 80. According to the text, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
a. helped the Bolsheviks, who could appeal to patriotic nationalism against the Allies.
b. helped the Whites with a massive infusion of military aid.
c. blocked the German advance into Ukraine.
d. caused the Bolsheviks to initiate their policy of terror.
e. helped the Finns to gain their independence.
____ 81. Germany's initial offensive was stopped on the outskirts of Paris at the Battle of
a. Verdun.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the Somme.
the Marne.
Ypres.
Tannenberg.
____ 82. In the First Balkan War, ___________ joined Greece and Bulgaria to attack the Ottoman Empire.
a. Romania
b. Albania
c. Serbia
d. Russia
e. Austria
____ 83. In the years before 1900, __________ pursued a policy of “splendid isolation.”
a. Britain
b. Germany
c. Austria
d. Russia
e. France
____ 84. All of the following were activities of the War Raw Materials Board in Germany except
a. inventory and rationing of useful raw materials.
b. sponsoring research that led to the production of synthetic rubber.
c. food rationing.
d. sponsoring research that led to the production of synthetic nitrates for explosives.
e. arrest and imprisonment of “shirkers” at factories producing for the war effort.
____ 85. In 1750 the average standard of living in Europe as a whole was
a. no higher than the rest of the world.
b. twice as high as the rest of the world.
c. 25 percent higher than the rest of the world.
d. 25 percent lower than the rest of the world.
e. 50 percent lower than the rest of the world.
____ 86. The most striking difference between the new imperialism of 1880–1914 and European expansion
earlier in the 1800s was the new imperialism's
a. violence.
b. economic domination.
c. formal political control.
d. efforts to “civilize” native peoples.
e. capitalism.
____ 87. After shattering military defeat, one reason for the initial acceptance of European imperial rule by
the great majority of Asians and Africans was
a. that political participation in Asia and Africa had generally been limited to small elites.
b. the masses hoped that European liberalism and capitalism would bring them more opportunity.
c. the prior success of Christian missionary efforts.
d. widespread land redistribution programs implemented by new European rulers.
e. that many native peoples perceived the Europeans to be gods.
____ 88. Edwin Chadwick believed that
a. poverty was the result of lower-class immorality.
b. individuals were responsible for their economic success.
c. death and disease caused poverty.
d. Christian morals should be the basis of urban reform.
e. regulating the food-processing industry would rapidly reduce urban mortality rates.
____ 89. Between 1906 and 1914, the Liberal party in Britain was able to accomplish all of the following
except
a. eliminate the House of Lords as a real power in British politics.
b. substantially increase taxes on the rich.
c. pass a national health-insurance program.
d. resolve the violent problems of Ireland.
e. pass a program of old-age pensions.
____ 90. The consequences of the U.S. Civil War included all of the following except
a. the emergence of powerful business corporations.
b. reinforcement of the concept of free labor.
c. equality for its black citizens.
d. the confirmation of the concept of “manifest destiny.”
e. economic prosperity for the North.
____ 91. The first state to enact social welfare legislation was
a. England.
b. Germany.
c. France.
d. the United States.
e. Austria-Hungary.
____ 92. Austria-Hungary deliberately chose war in July 1914
a. to annex Serbia.
b. against the desires of their German allies.
c. because it believed Russia would not intervene.
d. to stem the tide of hostile nationalism within its borders.
e. to seize Italian territory.
____ 93. Which of the following events occurred first?
a. First Balkan War begins.
b. Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated.
c. Rasputin is murdered.
d. Ministry of Munitions established in Britain.
e. Russian Revolution topples Nicholas II.
____ 94. The Bolsheviks used the Cheka, their version of the tsarist _____________, to solidify their grip on
power.
a. secret police
b. legal code
c. palace guard
d.
e.
press
military
____ 95. The SinoJapanese War led to
a. the collapse of Japanese imperial designs.
b. a fresh round of imperialistic activity in China.
c. a brief naval war between Japan and England.
d. a successful program of modernization in China.
e. the immediate collapse of the Qing Dynasty.
____ 96. The spark that ignited the Balkan “powder keg” in 1914 was the assassination of
a. Archduke Francis Ferdinand.
b. Emperor Francis Joseph.
c. Chancellor BethmannHollweg.
d. Tsar Nicholas II.
e. General Erich Ludendorf.
____ 97. Witte's approach to industrialization was inspired by
a. the German socialist Karl Marx.
b. the classical economist David Ricardo.
c. the French emperor Napoleon III.
d. the English industrialist Robert Owen.
e. the German economist Friedrich List.
____ 98. Nicholas II failed, in part, because he did not work with the __________, Russia's lower house.
a. Duma
b. Reichstag
c. Bund
d. Kremlin
e. Soviet
____ 99. The principle by which the European powers established their claim to an African territory was
known as
a. extraterritoriality.
b. annexation.
c. effective occupation.
d. military subjugation.
e. the “white man's burden.”
____ 100. Theodore Herzl was
a. the anti-Semitic mayor of Vienna.
b. speaker of the Reichstag during much of Bismarck's tenure.
c. the creator of modern psychoanalysis.
d. the founder of the Zionist Jewish national movement.
e. a German socialist and author of Evolutionary Socialism.
____ 101. Generally, Freud postulated that
a. people were motivated by reason.
b. sexual desires are a minor component in people's behavior.
c.
d.
e.
human behavior is motivated by unconscious emotional needs.
heredity was the key factor in explaining incidences of mental illness.
human behavior had its origin in natural selection.
____ 102. The trait shared by Charles Lyell, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, and Auguste Comte was
a. the evolutionary aspect of their theories.
b. that they were all French social reformers.
c. their rejection of positivist science.
d. their role in the biological revolution.
e. their faith in a divine purpose in history.
____ 103. The social impact of total war included all of the following except
a. greater power and prestige for labor unions.
b. greater acceptance of ethnic minorities.
c. dramatic changes in the role of women.
d. greater social equality.
e. full employment.
____ 104. In the Treaty of ___________, China was forced to cede Hong Kong to the British.
a. Edo
b. Shanghai
c. Canton
d. Nanking
e. Beijing
____ 105. My Secret Life describes
a. the harsh world of sweated industries.
b. the search for scientific discoveries.
c. the seamy, underground sex life of a Victorian rake.
d. the psychological stress created by the new, stifling family structure.
e. a bourgeois factory owner who worked as a common factory operative for a year.
____ 106. In Austria-Hungary the revolution after World War I was primarily
a. a Bolshevik movement.
b. a conservative and aristocratic movement.
c. a revisionist socialist revolution.
d. a nationalist revolution.
e. the work of the Ottoman secret service.
____ 107. What was the overall effect of World War I on the lives of European women?
a. The war brought many more women into work in industry, transportation, and offices.
b. Wartime legislation substantially reduced women's rights.
c. Many European women served in combat.
d. The war raised divorce rates as women separated from husbands absent at the front.
e. European women gained full equality under the law.
____ 108. The event that directly prompted the Great Reforms in Russia, including the emancipation of the
serfs, was
a. defeat in the Crimean War of 1853–1856.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the Revolution of 1905.
the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905.
the assassination of Alexander II in 1881.
The Lena Goldfields Massacre of 1912.
____ 109. Lenin's contribution to Marxist theory included all of the following except the
a. importance of violent revolution.
b. possibility of social revolution in a backward country.
c. necessity of a disciplined workers' party.
d. historically determined nature of revolution.
e. importance of human action in bringing about revolution.
____ 110. The immediate cause of British entry into the First World War was
a. the sinking of the Lusitania.
b. German invasion of neutral Belgium.
c. the Austrian ultimatum to Serbia.
d. the Algeciras Conference.
e. German mobilization following the Austrian ultimatum to Serbia.
____ 111. At the Paris Peace Conference Iraq, Palestine, Transjordan, and Syria
a. remained part of the Turkish empire.
b. gained independence from the Turkish empire.
c. were placed under British and French colonial rule.
d. were placed under Italian colonial rule.
e. were placed together under direct rule by the League of Nations.
____ 112. The Russian zemstvo was the
a. peasant commune that owned the land distributed by the Great Reforms.
b. new Russian parliament established after the Revolution of 1905.
c. institution for local government established by the Great Reforms.
d. name of the currency issued when Russia adopted the gold standard.
e. state-run investment bank set up to promote railroad construction.
____ 113. Which of the following societies responded most successfully to Western imperialism before World
War I?
a. China.
b. Japan.
c. Egypt.
d. Sudan.
e. India.
____ 114. The Versailles settlement included all of the following except
a. the imposition of huge reparations on Germany.
b. generalized arms control in Europe.
c. the creation of the League of Nations.
d. a clause placing blame for the war on Germany.
e. limitations on the size of the German military.
____ 115. Which of the following events prompted liberals in the Prussian parliament to reconcile with
Bismarck?
a. The 1864 war against Denmark.
b. The 1866 defeat of Austria and formation of the North German Confederation.
c. The 1870 defeat of France and formation of the German Empire.
d. The Kulturkampf of 1870–1878.
e. The passage of social security laws in 1883–1884.
____ 116. Gustave Droz is cited for his
a. discoveries in the fields of biology.
b. Mr., Mrs., and Baby, a family manual.
c. leadership of the realist movement.
d. rebuilding of Paris.
e. advocacy of women's rights.
____ 117. Between 1750 and 1913, average income in the Third World
a. was stagnant.
b. doubled.
c. increased by 50 percent.
d. fell by 50 percent.
e. increased threefold.
____ 118. All of the following are consequences of the FrancoPrussian War except
a. the completion of German unification.
b. the collapse of the French Second Empire.
c. an upsurge of German nationalistic pride.
d. a wave of social reform in Germany.
e. French patriots in Paris declared another republic.
____ 119. British Prime Minister Lloyd George's smashing electoral victory of December 1918 came largely
out of his promise
a. of “peace for our time.”
b. to make Germany pay for the war.
c. to enact wide-ranging welfare programs.
d. to dismantle the government's apparatus for control of the economy.
e. not to form any future military alliance with France.
____ 120. The first and most important of the Great Reforms in Russia was the
a. abolition of serfdom.
b. creation of the zemstvos, the local, elected governmental councils.
c. granting of a constitution.
d. nationalization of church property.
e. modernization of the legal system.
____ 121. In 1881, __________ was assassinated by a small group of terrorists.
a. Alexander III
b. Alexander II
c. Nicholas II
d.
e.
Nicholas I
Alexander I
____ 122. All of the following were European critics of imperialism except
a. Henry Labouchére.
b. V. I. Lenin.
c. J. A. Hobson.
d. Joseph Conrad.
e. Jules Ferry.
____ 123. The Meiji Restoration featured all of the following except
a. a military modeled along European lines.
b. borrowing of Western science and technology.
c. overthrow of the emperor.
d. a free, competitive, government-stimulated economy.
e. the hiring of Western technological specialists.
____ 124. The success of Napoleon III's system was based on all of the following except
a. his recruitment of local notables to stand as government candidates in elections.
b. economic intervention.
c. close attention to electoral politics.
d. sensitivity to public opinion.
e. a successful foreign policy.
____ 125. Bismarck's social reforms were motivated primarily by
a. the Long Depression.
b. his goal of stimulating the economy.
c. humanitarian concern for the suffering of the urban poor.
d. the failure of his Kulturkampf against German Catholics.
e. his fear and distrust of socialism.
____ 126. The Mexican War of 1848
a. reduced tensions between the North and South by generating an atmosphere of renewed
b.
c.
d.
e.
patriotic unity.
exacerbated tensions between the North and South as debate erupted over the extension of
slavery into territory acquired from Mexico.
provided a crucial stimulus to the development of cotton culture in the Southwest.
led to a “national” policy toward African Americans.
left the South devastated and weakened.
____ 127. Sardinia-Piedmont became the leader of the Italian unification as a result of all of the following
factors except
a. the failure of Mazzini's style of democratic nationalism in 1848.
b. Pope Pius IX's rejection of Italian unification.
c. Austrian support.
d. Victor Emmanuel's granting of a liberal constitution.
e. the able leadership of Count Camillo Benso di Cavour.
____ 128. The white-collar employees identified with the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
clergy.
union movement.
working class.
aristocracy.
middle class.
____ 129. Japan opened its shores to Western trade
a. because it wanted to enter the world economy.
b. in response to U.S. military pressure.
c. as a result of the Meiji Restoration.
d. under the influence of Dutch missionaries there.
e. to reduce its dependence on China.
____ 130. The largest share of European foreign investment went to
a. sub-Saharan Africa.
b. Asia.
c. European states and North America.
d. the Third World.
e. Latin America.