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The Inner Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars The Inner Planets The four inner planets are small and have rocky surfaces Mercury Planet closest to the sun Looks like the moon, with many craters and flat plains Mercury’s Atmosphere Extremely thin Gas is mostly sodium Planet of Extremes Greatest temperature range of all the planets -183° C (-298° F) during the night 427° C (800° F) during the day Venus Venus’s Movement 7.5 earth months to revolve around the sun Day is longer than it’s year (8 months) Retrograde rotation (rotating backwards) – Hypothesis that Venus was struck by a very large object that changed it’s rotation Venus’s Atmosphere Pressure is 90 times greater than Earth’s atmosphere Mostly carbon dioxide Sulfuric acid clouds 467° C (872° F) at surface (melts lead) – caused by greenhouse effect (trapping of heat by atmosphere) Earth Atmosphere Surface 20% oxygen / 78% nitrogen / 2% other 70% covered with water One moon Mars “The Red Planet” Iron Dioxide (rust) on surface Atmosphere Mostly carbon dioxide 1% of the pressure of Earth’s atmosphere Mars Seasons on Mars Tilted axis, therefore seasons Exploring Mars There is ice on the poles (water and carbon dioxide) The Moons of Mars Phobos (Fear) Largest moon Deimos (Panic)