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ASC 309 Introduction to Reproduction Chapter 1 – Student Outline Reproductive Physiology Definition – Subspecialties (clinical) •Andrology •Gynecology •Theriogenology •Obstetrics Introduction •Successful reproduction •Historical development Opportunities in the field • • • • • 1 Text: Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition Sequence of maps Take home message Fact boxes highlight important points Further Phenomena for Fertility- Chapter Summaries Chapters 2 / 3- Female and Male Reproductive Tracts Chapter 4- Prenatal Development Chapter 6- Acquisition of Puberty Chapter 5- Regulation of Reproduction Chapters 7, 8 and 9- Cyclicity 2 Chapter 10- Spermatogenesis Chapter 11- Reproductive Behavior and Copulation Chapter 12- Ovulation and Fertilization Chapter 13: Early Embryogenesis/ Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy Chapter 14- Placentation and Endocrinology of Gestation Chapter 15- Puerperium and Lactation 3 History of Reproduction (Figure 1-3) Aristotle (350 BC) o First recorded information on reproductive system function. Book - Generation of Animal. o Fetus arose from menstrual blood o Conversion to fetus initiated by seminal fluid Fallopius o Next major observation (2,000 years after Aristotle) o Described the oviducts o Also called - Coiter (a student of Fallopius) 1573 o Discovered - de Graaf (1673) o Described - van Leeuwenhoek 1677 o Developed the microscope o Semen was observed Observed movement of small particles “Animalcules” (spermatozoa) o His theory - 4 Spallanzani (Italian priest) - father of artificial insemination o Dog semen Dumas Rabbit follicles Modern Reproduction Important advances in the study of reproduction include: Gonadal hormones Anterior pituitary Female reproductive cyclicity Development of radioimmunoassay Understanding spermatozoal physiology 5 Techniques for enhancing reproduction include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Modern Population Crisis Need to develop techniques to limit rather than enhance reproduction. 1. 2. 3. 4. Trivia A 3% improvement in birth rate results in an additional 1. 2. 3. 6