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This is the outline for chapter 2. Make sure your child is studying a little bit every day so that they can be
ready for the upcoming test.
3rd Grade Chapter 2 Outline
Lesson 1: How are Babies like their Parents?
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Parents and Babies
o Like plants, animals have life cycles, the process by which animals are born, grow,
reproduce its own kind and starts over again
o When animals grow up they look similar to their parents
o Scientists put animals into groups according to how they look and how they live
o All animals in each group grow and live the same way
Growing from Eggs
o The first stage of most animal life cycles is the egg. Eggs of most animals have the same
functions.
o Embryo: a developing animal before it is born or hatched
o Different kinds of animals produce different numbers of eggs.
o Different animals lay different kinds of eggs, some have a hard outer shell, and some
have jelly-like eggs
Lesson 2: How do Spiders and Insects Grow?
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Life Cycle of Spiders:
o Spiders belong to a group of animals called arachnids. Insects and arachnids are similar
in some ways.
o They are both covered with a skeleton and have joints in their eggs.
o Spiders have 8 legs and insects have 6
o Spiders have two parts. And insects have 3. Both do not have bones
o Spiders spin strong silk threads to catch insects or to make silk sacs to store its eggs
Life Cycles of insects
o Insects are the largest groups of animals- there are a million kinds of insects
o Different insects lay different number and types of eggs
o Many insects like cockroaches have three stage lifecycles:
 1. The egg is the first stage. An egg case like this one can hold manyh eggs
 2. Nymph: A nymph hatches from an egg. A nymph has the same body form as
the adult cockroach, but does not have wings
 3. Adult: When the nymph grows to its adult size, it has wings. Adults can
reproduce
o Some have 4 stages of life, like the butterfly:
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1. Egg: Butterflies usually lay their eggs on leaves. A mother butterfly finds the
right kind of plant for the young to eat after they hatch
2. Larva: caterpillars eat a great deal. Many of them eat part of their shell as
their first meal. Then they eat leaves and grow quickly (A larva is a young animal
that has a different shape than the adult
3. Pupa: The larva spins a silk thread that wraps around its body. The thread
holds the larva in place while a hard covering forms over the insect. Inside the
covering, the pupa does not eat. The pupa can stay in the covering for weeks or
months
4. Butterfly: The covering splits open and the adult butterfly comes out. At first,
the butterfly cannot fly. Its wings are damp and folded. When its wings are
smooth, flat and dry, the insect can fly away. After a time, The butterfly lays
eggs and the cycle starts again.
Lesson 3: How Do Fishes, Frogs, and Mammals Grow?
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Fishes and frogs:
o These are two kinds of animals that have backbones.
o Fish and frogs lay their eggs in water. They do not have hard shells. They have thin
coverings. Oxygen from water passes easily into the egg.
o Amphibians live part of its life in water and parts of its life on land. Like frogs!
o Fishes have gills- the parts of fish and tadpoles that arer used to take in oxygen from
water.
o Learn life cycle of a frog!
Mammals:
o A mammal has a backbone and hair or fur. Some mammals such as dogs have lots of fur
while others like whales have little fur
o Mammal mothers produce milk to feed their young. Others feed their young by
gathering or catching food
o Some mammals stay with one or both of their parents for a time. Some with groups of
many adults. The adults teach the young how to get food.
o Mammal babies start out as embryos that grow inside a mother’s body for different
amounts of time until they develop.
How do Babies learn?
o Instinct: An action that an animal can do without learning. Babies use instincts in order
to survive. For example monarch butterflies have instincts to travel great distances to go
to warmer places
Ways that Animals Learn:
o After a while, mothers stop feeding their young and the young animals learn to get their
own food. They also learn to take care of themselves
o Animals learn certain skills by watching their mothers or other animals of the same kind
Lesson 1 Review:
1. Which kinds of animal babies change the most as the grow?
2. What are the functions of eggs?
3. An ostrich takes more than fifty hours to hatch. Does the hatching process take place during both
daylight and nighttime?
Lesson 2 Review:
1. How does the body of a young spider compare with a body of an adult spider?
2. How is a three-stage insect life cycle different from a four-stage insect life cycle?
Lesson 3 Review:
1. How is the life cycle of a fish different from the life cycle of a frog?
2. What are the stages in a mammal life cycle?
3. Use what you know about life cycle of frogs to put up these steps in the correct order: breathe with
gills; breathe with lungs; hatch from eggs.
Lesson 4 Review:
1. What is an important thing an animal must be able to do as soon as its born or hatched?
2. What are some ways that animals learn?
3. Bears are mammals. Use what you know about mammals to put these steps in the correct order:
Drinks milk from its mother; teaches young bears how to hunt; catches fish on its own to eat.