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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_burning
Destruction of Chinese cultures and traditional values
Mao Zedong called for the Four Olds to be swept away at the
very early stages of the Cultural Revolution in 1966,[2] and Red
Guards took up the task with alacrity. As a result, examples of
Chinese architecture were destroyed, classical literature and
Chinese paintings were torn apart, and cultural and religious
customs were vilified as manifestations of feudalism. Many
families' long-kept genealogy books were burned to ashes.
During that time, many ancient Chinese cultural artifacts were
destroyed forever. People in possession of these items were
punished.
Intellectuals were targeted as personifications of the Four Olds,
and sometimes they were purged, which included being
mocked, harassed, imprisoned, tortured, or killed.[3]
Upon learning that Red Guards were approaching the
Forbidden City, Premier Zhou Enlai ordered the gates shut and
troops posted, knowing of the Red Guard's reputation for
destroying cultural objects.
Popular sl
The Library of Alexandria
The first known library to attempt to collect all
books the Library’s aim was charged to store all
the world's knowledge.
Difficult to know exactly what happened but it
seems to have been destroyed wholly or partly
on four occasions:
1. Accidentally by Julius Caesar 48 BC
2. By the Emperor Aurelian 270-275 AD
3. A Coptic Christian mob by decree of a Coptic
Pope AD 391
4. Muslim Conquest >642 AD
Alexandria
Nandapor
Cteciphon
Genghis Kahn
Nazis
Mayas
Cteciphon
In the 7th Century the Arab commander Saad
ibn-e Abi Vaghas captured Cteciphon (the
capital of Persia ) and asked Khalif Omar - the
Ruler of Arab Muslims - what he should do with
the books in the huge Persian library…
Omar replied that the “blasphemous” books are
not needed, as for us the Khoran is sufficient.
Thus, the huge library was destroyed and the
books which stored the knowledge of the
generations of Persian scholars were burned in
fire or thrown into the Euphrates.
Later by the order of another Arab ruler
(Ghotaibeh ibn-e Moslem) in Khwarezmia, those
Persians who were literate with all the historians,
writers and Mobeds were massacred and their
books burned so that after one generation the
people were illiterate.
Other libraries in Ray and Khorassan received
the same treatment and the famous
international
University
of
Gondishapour
declined and its books vanished. Only few
books survived, because the scholars translated
some of them into Arabic in order to save the
contents.
Ashurbanupal
The Royal Library of Ashurbanupal was in the
great city of Nineveh, the capital of Assyria
(now Iraq). The library contained a huge
amount of written works including cuneiform
tablets.
Thousands of clay tablets were discovered in the late19th century in the burnt ruins of Nineveh but nothing else
survived. Babylonians (Persians) and Scythians (Iranians)
burnt everything but incredibly the clay tablets were
baked and so have survived
Nalanda Bihar India
Nalanda was a great university for centuries (from 500BC). The
library was reputed to contain all the knowledge (especially
Buddhist and Hindu) of India generally written on processed
palm leaves...like paper. In 1193 AD Muslims sacked the
university and set the library alight.
http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread569711/pg1
The Crusaders
As Islam advanced scholars translated many texts into
Arabic to preserve the knowledge and protect them
from destruction by religious fanatics.
The Crusaders
As Islam advanced scholars translated many texts into
Arabic to preserve the knowledge and protect them
from destruction by religious fanatics.
Ironically when the Crusaders arrived later they burned
many libraries for being non-Christian and so many
works that had been saved from Moslem fanatics were
eventually destroyed by Christian fanatics.
Banu Ammar library Tripoli
In 1109 the Crusaders captured Tripoli
slaughtered the defeated Muslims and
destroyed the Banu Ammar library which was
apparently the finest Muslim library of all at the
time. It is estiamted that 100,000 books were
burned.
Banu Ammar library Tripoli
In 1109 the Crusaders captured Tripoli
slaughtered the defeated Muslims and
destroyed the Banu Ammar library which was
apparently the finest Muslim library of all at the
time. It is estiamted that 100,000 books were
burned.
When they took Constantinople in 1204 they
destroyed the last surviving copies of classical
works in Europe
The Greatest Destruction of Muslim Libraries
(1218 – 1220)
In the 13th Century the Mongols did the most
damage to the Muslim libraries as the Genghis
Khan’s army destroyed everything in their path
as they advanced toward Persia and Eastern
borders of Europe
Public book-burning by a Nazis
Getty Image
Bebelplatz (Berlin)
Bebelplatz on Unter den Linden was designed by
Frederick the Great a great patron of the arts.
Bebelplatz (Berlin)
Bebelplatz on Unter den Linden was designed by
Frederick the Great a great patron of the arts.
It was the site of the notorious Nazi book burning
event, organized by the minister for propaganda
and public enlightenment Goebbels.
Bebelplatz (Berlin)
Bebelplatz on Unter den Linden was designed by
Frederick the Great a great patron of the arts.
It was the site of the notorious Nazi book burning
event, organized by the minister for propaganda
and public enlightenment Goebbels.
More than 20,000 books written by Jews,
Communists and others, including Marx, Freud,
Mann, and Heine, were burned
Bebelplatz (Berlin)
Bebelplatz on Unter den Linden was designed by
Frederick the Great a great patron of the arts.
It was the site of the notorious Nazi book burning
event, organized by the minister for propaganda
and public enlightenment Goebbels.
More than 20,000 books written by Jews,
Communists and others, including Marx, Freud,
Mann, and Heine, were burned
The monument is a plastic transparent window
set into the ground