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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
1) What is the entrepreneurial "secret" for creating value in the
1) _______
marketplace?
A) Creating New Products and Services
B) Applying Lessons Learned from History
C) Applying Creativity and Innovation to Solve Problems
D) Learning by Doing
2) The ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at
problems and opportunities is called:
A) entrepreneurship.
B) creative thinking.
C) creativity.
D) innovation.
2) _______
3) The ability to apply creative solutions to problems and opportunities to
enhance or to enrich people's lives is called:
A) innovation.
B) entrepreneurship.
C) creative thinking.
D) creativity.
3) _______
4) Harvard's Theodore Levitt says that creativity is ________ new things,
and innovation is ________ new things.
A) doing; thinking
B) thinking; doing
C) seeing; doing
D) thinking; applying
4) _______
5) Creativity often involves creating something from nothing. However, it
is more likely to result in:
A) elaborating on the present.
B) taking something away to create something simpler or better.
C) putting old things together in new ways.
D) All of the above.
5) _______
6) Entrepreneurship is a constant process that relies on:
A) the ability to win over the consumer.
B) creativity, innovation, and profit.
C) creativity, innovation, and application in the marketplace.
D) intellectual property rights.
6) _______
7) When developing creative solutions to modern problems, entrepreneurs
must:
A) pay attention to limiting factors.
B) go beyond merely using whatever has worked in the past.
C) limit the creative process to only profitable ventures.
D) remember what has worked in the past.
7) _______
8) A(n) ________ is a preconceived idea of what the world is, what it
should be like, and how it should operate.
A) entrepreneur
B) paradigm
C) profitable vision
D) innovation
8) _______
9) Research shows that anyone can learn to be creative. The problem is:
9) _______
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A) many organizations fail to foster an environment that encourages
creativity.
B) most people have never been taught to be creative.
C) most people never tap into their pools of innate creativity.
D) All of the above.
10) Research into the operation of the human brain shows that each
hemisphere of the brain:
A) controls similar functions.
B) does not dominate the other hemisphere.
C) processes information differently.
D) develops symmetrically.
10) ______
11) The left-brain is guided by:
A) kaleidoscopic, lateral thinking.
B) linear, vertical thinking.
C) intuitive thinking.
D) asymmetrical thinking.
11) ______
12) The right brain is guided by:
A) asymmetrical thinking.
B) logical thinking.
C) kaleidoscopic, lateral thinking.
D) linear, vertical thinking.
12) ______
13) Which hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language, logic, and
symbols?
A) Left Hemisphere
B) Right Hemisphere
C) Lateral Hemisphere
D) Intuitive Hemisphere
13) ______
14) Which hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the body's emotional,
intuitive, and spatial functions?
A) Vertical Hemisphere
B) Left Hemisphere
C) Right Hemisphere
D) Logical Hemisphere
14) ______
15) Which hemisphere of the brain processes information in a step-by-step
fashion?
A) Lateral Hemisphere
B) Left Hemisphere
C) Right Hemisphere
D) Intuitive Hemisphere
15) ______
16) Which hemisphere of the brain processes information all at once and by
relying heavily on images?
A) Logical Hemisphere
B) Vertical Hemisphere
C) Left Hemisphere
D) Right Hemisphere
16) ______
17) ________ vertical thinking is narrowly focused and systematic,
proceeding in a highly logical fashion from one point to the next.
A) Unconventional
B) Left-brained
C) Right-brained
D) Intuitive
17) ______
18) ________ lateral thinking is somewhat unconventional and unstructured.
18) ______
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A) Systematic
C) Left-brained
B) Logical
D) Right-brained
19) In his book A Whack on the Side of the Head, Roger von Oech views a
"playful attitude" as:
A) limiting individual creativity.
B) fundamental to creative thinking.
C) a mental block.
D) frivolous.
19) ______
20) All of the following represent barriers to creativity that entrepreneurs
impose upon themselves except:
A) being too practical.
B) blindly following rules.
C) focusing on being too logical.
D) searching for more than one answer.
20) ______
21) Roger von Oech believes that blindly following rules leads to:
A) new ways of doing things.
B) order, which stimulates creativity.
C) a mental block towards creativity.
D) a clearer vision and business venture.
21) ______
22) Joseph Schumpeter wrote that entrepreneurs perform the vital function
of:
A) creative destruction.
B) revolutionizing current patterns of production.
C) challenging accepted ways of doing things.
D) All of the above.
22) ______
23) Entrepreneurs can stimulate their own creativity and encourage it
among workers by:
A) avoiding problems.
B) limiting rewards.
C) expecting and tolerating failure.
D) not taking chances.
23) ______
24) Which of the following is NOT one of the ways entrepreneurs can
stimulate their own creativity and encourage it among their workers?
A) Develop a corporate culture that both fosters and rewards
creativity
B) Provide creativity training
C) Encourage curiosity
D) View challenges as problems
24) ______
25) Employees must be given the tools and resources they need to be
creative. One of the most valuable resources is:
A) time.
B) money.
C) rules and guidelines.
D) providing challenges.
25) ______
26) Hiring a diverse workforce:
26) ______
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A) allows for different ideas and varying methods of problem solving.
B) brings in people from different backgrounds, with different
cultural experiences, hobbies, and interests.
C) helps in enhancing organizational creativity.
D) All of the above.
27) All of the following are enhancements to individual creativity except:
A) keeping a journal to record thoughts and ideas.
B) limiting your reading sources.
C) allowing yourself to be creative.
D) taking time off.
27) ______
28) Which of the following is NOT an enhancement to individual creativity?
A) Working without breaks until the project is complete or the
problem is solved
B) Recognizing the creative power of mistakes
C) Listening to other people
D) Keeping a toy box in your office
28) ______
29) Which stage of the Creative Process includes on-the-job training?
A) Verification
B) Implementation
C) Illumination
D) Preparation
29) ______
30) Which stage of the Creative Process requires one to develop a solid
understanding of the problem or decision?
A) Preparation
B) Investigation
C) Illumination
D) Verification
30) ______
31) Which stage of the Creative Process involves viewing the similarities
and differences in the information collected?
A) Transformation
B) Illumination
C) Verification
D) Incubation
31) ______
32) The ability to see the similarities and the connections among various
data and events is called:
A) Divergent thinking.
B) Transformational thinking.
C) Illumination.
D) Convergent thinking.
32) ______
33) The ability to see the differences among various data and events is
called:
A) Transformational thinking.
B) Illumination.
C) Divergent thinking.
D) Convergent thinking.
33) ______
34) ________ thinking is the ability to see similarities and ________ thinking
is the ability to see differences among various data and events.
A) Convergent; Divergent
B) Divergent; Convergent
C) Convergent; Transformational
D) None of the above.
34) ______
35) During the Incubation Phase of the Creative Process, the entrepreneur
mig ht do
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all of the 35)
followin
g
EXCEPT
which
one to let
ideas
"marinat
e" in his
mind?
A)
B)
C)
D)
___
___
Don't allow himself to daydream
Relax and play regularly
Do something totally unrelated for awhile
Work on the problem or opportunity in a different environment
36) At which stage of the Creative Process does a spontaneous
breakthrough occur, allowing all of the previous stages to come together
to produce the "Eureka Factor" or the "light bulb goes on"?
A) Illumination
B) Preparation
C) Implementation
D) Verification
36) ______
37) "Verification" refers to:
A) possibly conducting experiments, running simulations, test
marketing a product or service.
B) possibly asking questions such as "will it work?" and "is it really a
better solution?"
C) validating the idea as accurate and useful.
D) All of the above.
37) ______
38) The focus of this step in the Creative Process is to transform the idea
into reality.
A) Implementation
B) Preparation
C) Verification
D) Illumination
38) ______
39) ________ is a process in which a small group of people interacts to
produce a large quantity of imaginative ideas.
A) Groupthink
B) Prototyping
C) Mind-mapping
D) Brainstorming
39) ______
40) Effective Brainstorming involves all of the following except:
A) a small group of people.
B) very little structure.
C) an open uninhibited environment.
D) an effective method to evaluate ideas.
40) ______
41) ________ is a graphical technique that encourages thinking on both sides
of the brain, visually displays the various relationships among the ideas,
and improves the ability to view a problem from many sides.
A) Brainstorming
B) Groupthink
C) Prototyping
D) Mind-mapping
41) ______
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42) Mind-mapping is a useful tool for jump-starting creativity. It includes
all of the following except:
A) allowing your mind to rest for a few minutes before integrating the
ideas.
B) sketching a picture to symbolize the problem or area of focus in
the center of a sheet of paper.
C) writing down every idea that comes into your mind, connecting
each idea to the central picture.
D) forcing creativity when ideas start to trickle.
42) ______
43) The premise behind ________ is that transforming an idea into an actual
model will lead to improvements in its design.
A) Brainstorming
B) Inventions
C) Rapid Prototyping
D) Mind-mapping
43) ______
44) The three principles (3 R's) of Rapid Prototyping are:
A) develop a complete model, rapidly and for the right problem.
B) develop a rough model, rapidly and for the right problem.
C) develop a rough model, rapidly and for the right price.
D) develop a right model, roughly, for the right price.
44) ______
45) Steps in the Patent Process include:
A) searching existing patents.
B) establishing whether or not it is a novelty.
C) documenting and verifying the date the idea was first conceived.
D) All of the above.
45) ______
46) To which governmental office must applications for patents be
submitted?
A) The individual State Offices of Patent Development
B) The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
C) Both A and B are correct.
D) None of the above.
46) ______
47) Any distinctive word, phrase, symbol, name or logo a firm uses to
distinguish itself or its products is called a:
A) trademark.
B) patent.
C) service mark.
D) copyright.
47) ______
48) A ________ is an exclusive right that protects the creators of original
works such as literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works.
A) Copyright
B) Trademark
C) Service Mark
D) Patent
48) ______
49) Copyrights protect the creator of original works such as:
A) software, choreography, and motion pictures.
B) symbols, names and designs.
C) Both A and B are correct.
D) None of the above.
49) ______
50) Which of the following questions should you consider before entering a
law suit to
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protect 50)
intellectu
al
property?
A) Can the opponent afford to pay if you win?
B) Do you expect to get enough from the suit to pay for the costs of
hiring an attorney?
C) Can you afford the loss of time, money and privacy the lawsuit
will bring?
D) All of the above.
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
51) Creativity is the ability to apply creative solutions to problems and
opportunities to enhance or enrich people's lives.
___
___
51) ______
52) Innovation is the ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways
of looking at problems and opportunities.
52) ______
53) Creativity is the ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways
of looking at problems and opportunities.
53) ______
54) Innovation is the ability to apply creative solutions to problems and
opportunities to enhance or enrich people's lives.
54) ______
55) Successful entrepreneurs come up with ideas and then find ways to
make them work to solve a problem or fill a need.
55) ______
56) Creativity and innovation are the signature of large, entrepreneurial
businesses.
56) ______
57) Creativity and innovation are the signature of small, entrepreneurial
businesses.
57) ______
58) Although creativity sometimes involves generating something from
nothing, it more likely results in elaborating on the present, putting old
things together in new ways, or taking something away to create
something simpler or better.
58) ______
59) Innovation must be a constant process because most ideas don't work
and most innovations fail.
59) ______
60) For every 3,000 new product ideas, four make it to the development
stage, two are actually launched, and only one becomes successful in the
market.
60) ______
61) On average, new products account for 2/3 - 3/4 of companies' sales.
61) ______
62) Creativity is not only an important source for building a competitive
advantage, but it also is necessary for survival.
62) ______
63) History is always a reliable predictor of the future of business.
63) ______
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64) Entrepreneurs must embrace traditional assumptions and perspectives
about how things ought to be because they support creativity.
64) ______
65) A paradigm is a preconceived idea of what the world should be like.
65) ______
66) Paradigms may become so deeply rooted in our minds that they become
immovable blocks to creative thinking.
66) ______
67) While most people see what they've always seen, entrepreneurs are able
to see beyond preconceptions.
67) ______
68) Successful entrepreneurs push technological and economic boundaries
forward and sometimes make unconventional decisions.
68) ______
69) The rapidly accelerating rate of change has created an environment in
which staying in a leadership position requires constant creativity,
innovation, and entrepreneurship.
69) ______
70) Research shows that not everyone can be creative.
70) ______
71) Businesses typically foster an environment that encourages creativity.
71) ______
72) Research shows that each hemisphere of the human brain processes
information differently and that one side of the brain tends to be
dominant over the other.
72) ______
73) The left brain is guided by linear, vertical thinking.
73) ______
74) The right brain is guided by linear, vertical thinking.
74) ______
75) The left-brain relies on kaleidoscopic, lateral thinking.
75) ______
76) The right brain relies on kaleidoscopic, lateral thinking.
76) ______
77) The left brain handles language, logic, and symbols.
77) ______
78) The right brain takes care of the body's emotional, intuitive, and spatial
functions.
78) ______
79) The right brain processes information intuitively-all at once, relying
heavily on images.
79) ______
80) The left brain processes information in a step-by-step fashion.
80) ______
81) The left brain processes information intuitively-all at once, relying
heavily on images.
81) ______
82) The right brain processes information in a step-by-step fashion.
82) ______
83) Right-brained individuals tend to challenge tradition, custom, and
routine.
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83)
______
84) Left-brained individuals realize that there may be more than one right
answer.
84) ______
85) Entrepreneurship requires both left and right-brained thinking.
85) ______
86) Right-brain thinking draws on the power of divergent reasoning, which
is the ability to create a multitude of original, diverse ideas, while
left-brain thinking counts on convergent reasoning, the ability to
evaluate multiple ideas and choose the best solution to a given problem.
86) ______
87) Entrepreneurs need to rely on left-brain thinking to generate innovative
product, service, or business ideas and use right-brain thinking to judge
the market potential of the ideas they generate.
87) ______
88) Intuition is based on the accumulated knowledge and experiences a
person encounters over the course of a lifetime and resides in the
subconscious.
88) ______
89) "Constantly Being Practical" is a mental block that can stifle creativity.
89) ______
90) Viewing play as frivolous is a mental block, which stifles creativity.
90) ______
91) Ambiguity tends to destroy creativity.
91) ______
92) Failure is an important part of the creative process, as it provides a
chance to learn how to succeed.
92) ______
93) Employees tend to rise-or fall-to the level of expectations entrepreneurs
have of them.
93) ______
94) Hiring a diverse work force makes it more difficult to achieve creativity
in the workplace.
94) ______
95) Entrepreneurs can encourage creative thinking in their employees by
setting examples of creative behavior and rewarding creative behavior
when exhibited by their employees.
95) ______
96) "Divergent Thinking" is the ability to see similarities and connections
among various data and events.
96) ______
97) "Convergent Thinking" is the ability to see the differences among data
and events.
97) ______
98) It may appear in the Incubation Stage of the Creative Process that the
entrepreneur is loafing, as he is taking time to reflect on the information
collected.
98) ______
99) The Illumination Stage of the Creative Process is often called the
"Eureka Factor" and is characterized by a spontaneous breakthrough.
99) ______
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100) The typical entrepreneurial philosophy is "Ready, aim, aim, aim..."
100) _____
101) When "Brainstorming," individuals should be encouraged to use "idea
hitchhiking," or building new ideas on those already suggested.
101) _____
102) During a brainstorming session, company rank and department
affiliates are irrelevant.
102) _____
103) Mind mapping is a graphical technique that encourages thinking on
both sides of the brain, visually displays the various relationships
among ideas, and improves the ability to view a problem from many
sides.
103) _____
104) Rapid prototyping, transforming an idea into an actual model, typically
does not lead to improvements in design.
104) _____
105) A patent gives the inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an
invention for 50 years.
105) _____
106) One study reports that for the typical small business, obtaining a patent
and maintaining it for 20 years costs about $10,000.
106) _____
107) Trademarks are distinctive words, symbols, designs, names, or logos
used for company identification.
107) _____
108) A patent protects the creator of original works of authorship such as for
software.
108) _____
109) The U.S. Copyright Office does not require registering the creative work
because registering it does not give creators greater protection over their
work.
109) _____
110) The major problem with relying on the legal system to enforce
ownership rights is the cost of infringement lawsuits, which can quickly
exceed the budget of most small businesses.
110) _____
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
111) What is the entrepreneurial "secret" for creating value in the marketplace?
112) Explain the differences between the left and right sides of the brain.
113) List five of the "mental locks" that limit individual creativity.
114) List five ways entrepreneurs can stimulate their own creativity and encourage it
among workers.
115) List five ways individuals can enhance their own creativity.
116) List and briefly explain the seven steps in the Creative Process.
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117) Explain "brainstorming" and list at least five of the guidelines for a successful
brainstorming session.
118) Why is it important for an entrepreneur to use techniques like Mind-mapping,
which use both sides of the brain?
119) List the steps an entrepreneur should follow in order to enhance his/her chances of
receiving a patent.
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1)
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C
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A
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D
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B
B
D
C
B
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A
C
B
D
B
D
B
D
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D
C
D
A
D
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A
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B
A
D
C
A
A
A
D
A
D
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D
D
C
B
D
B
A
A
A
D
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51) FALSE
52) FALSE
53) TRUE
54) TRUE
55) TRUE
56) FALSE
57) TRUE
58) TRUE
59) TRUE
60) TRUE
61) FALSE
62) TRUE
63) FALSE
64) FALSE
65) TRUE
66) TRUE
67) TRUE
68) TRUE
69) TRUE
70) FALSE
71) FALSE
72) TRUE
73) TRUE
74) FALSE
75) FALSE
76) TRUE
77) TRUE
78) TRUE
79) TRUE
80) TRUE
81) FALSE
82) FALSE
83) TRUE
84) FALSE
85) TRUE
86) TRUE
87) FALSE
88) TRUE
89) TRUE
90) TRUE
91) FALSE
92) TRUE
93) TRUE
94) FALSE
95) TRUE
96) FALSE
97) FALSE
98) TRUE
99) TRUE
100) FALSE
101) TRUE
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102) TRUE
103) TRUE
104) FALSE
105) FALSE
106) TRUE
107) TRUE
108) FALSE
109) FALSE
110) TRUE
111) Creativity and Innovation should be used in combination to allow the entrepreneur to
solve real world problems and to exploit opportunities and the profits that come with
them.
Creativity should always be directed and complement the business plan.
Creativity is the ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at
problems and to exploit opportunities that people face everyday. Innovation is the ability
to apply creative solutions to those problems and opportunities to enhance and enrich
people's lives.
112) The left brain is guided by linear, vertical thinking, whereas the right brain relies on
kaleidoscopic, lateral thinking. The left brain handles language, logic, and symbols,
whereas the right brain takes care of the body's emotional, intuitive, and spatial functions.
The left brain processes information in a step-by-step fashion, whereas the right brain
processes it intuitively — all at once, relying heavily on images. Left-brained vertical
thinking is narrowly focused and systematic, whereas right-brained lateral thinking is
somewhat unconventional, unsystematic, and unstructured.
113) The five should come from the following list:
∙ Search for the one "right" answer.
∙ Focus on "being logical."
∙ Blindly follow the rules.
∙ Constantly be practical.
∙ View play as frivolous.
∙ Become overly specialized.
∙ Avoid ambiguity.
∙ Fear looking foolish.
∙ Fear mistakes and failure.
∙ Believe that "I'm not creative."
114) The five should come from the following list:
∙ Expect creativity.
∙ Embrace diversity.
∙ Expect and tolerate failure.
∙ Encourage curiosity.
∙ View problems as challenges.
∙ Provide creativity training.
∙ Provide support.
∙ Reward creativity.
∙ Model creative behavior.
115) The five should come from the following list:
∙ Allow yourself to be creative.
∙ Give your mind fresh input every day.
∙ Recognize the creative power of mistakes.
∙ Keep a journal handy to record your thoughts and ideas.
∙ Listen to other people.
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∙
Read
book
s on
stimulating creativity or take a class on creativity.
∙ Talk to a child.
∙ Keep a toy box in your office.
∙ Take some time off.
116) A. Preparation — Get your mind ready for creative thinking through formal education,
OJT, work experience, etc. This helps to build creativity and innovation.
B. Investigation — Develop a solid understanding of the problem or decision.
C. Transformation — View the similarities and differences in the information collected.
D. Incubation — Take time to reflect on the information collected.
E. Illumination — A spontaneous breakthrough occurs, causing the "light bulb to go on."
All of the previous stages come together to produce the "Eureka factor."
F. Verification — Validate the idea as accurate and useful. May include conducting
experiments, running simulations, test marketing a product or service, etc., to verify that
the new idea will work and is practical.
G. Implementation — Transform the idea into reality.
117) Brainstorming is a process in which a small group of people interact with very little
structure with the goal of producing a large quantity of novel and imaginative ideas. The
goal is to create an open, uninhibited atmosphere that allows member of the group to
"freewheel" ideas. Five guidelines should come from the following list:
∙ Keep the group small-five to eight members.
∙ Have a well-defined problem for the group to address, but don't reveal it ahead of time.
∙ Limit the session to 40-60 minutes.
∙ Appoint someone to be the recorder and write every idea on a flip chart.
∙ Use a seating pattern that encourages communication and interaction.
∙ Encourage all ideas from the team, even wild and extreme ones.
∙ Establish a goal of quantity of ideas rather than quality.
∙ Forbid evaluation or criticism of any idea during the session.
∙ Encourage participants to use "idea hitchhiking" or to "piggyback"/build new ideas on
those already suggested.
118) Mind-mapping, a graphical technique that encourages thinking on both sides of the brain,
visually displays the various relationships among ideas, and improves the ability to view a
problem from many sides. Since entrepreneurs themselves tend to be left or right-brained
thinkers, techniques like Mind-mapping encourage them to look at problems and
opportunities in a different way. Mind-mapping is also a useful tool that includes:
sketching a picture symbolizing the problem, connecting each idea to the central picture or
words with a line, and allowing your mind to rest for a few minutes before beginning to
integrate the ideas.
119) A. Establish the invention's novelty.
B. Document the device.
C. Search existing patents.
D. Study search results.
E. Submit the patent application.
F. Prosecute the patent application.