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NAME _________________________________________________________ DATE _________________ RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD Top 10 Things You Need to Know About Judaism 1) Considered to be the oldest monotheistic religion – _________________________________ 2) God is referred to as Yahweh, “I am who am,” and do not call him that or refer to him as that. 3) Their stories are collected in the Hebrew Bible or ________________ (Torah, Nevee’eem, Ketuvim). The people were ________________ from the land of ___________________-- therefore referred to as Judaism. 4) __________________ is considered the founder of the faith, over 4000 years ago, and he made a ______________- or agreement with the one God and moved his family to Canaan or the land god promised him. (Present day Israel). 5) In order to avoid death the Jewish people moved to _______________and were enslaved, years later ___________________-, born a Jew, led them out of Egypt after the ___________________________, and brought them back to the promise land. 6) Many famous leaders led the Jewish people, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon. They made _____________________ their holy city. 7) ________________________- built a temple to honor their god. That temple was later destroyed and then it was built again. The _____________________- then destroyed the 2nd temple and exiled them out of their empire and all that is left of the temple is the western wall or ______________________________. 8) Throughout history they have always been seen as “different” and were often ________________, blamed for things, and _______________ because of their faith. 9) They have still remained a close knit community. Basic principles of the 10 ___________________--, dietary laws, prayer, honoring the _______________- (Saturday), charity, waiting for the messiah, and the synagogue are constants. 10) Branches of Judaism; Reform Judaism, Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Reconstructionist Judaism. Top 10 Things You Need to Know About Christianity 1) The Christian religion grew out of the _________________ faith. Jesus, the founder, was born and raised a Jewish male in the land of the Jewish community outside of ______________. He was raised by his “virgin” mother _______________--and Joseph. 2) When he was around _____________- he began to walk around teaching, healing and speaking to any who would listen. Because he taught and helped anyone he was labeled as a __________________. 3) Those that followed him were called _____________________-. Later the twelve closest to him were called the twelve _____________________. Over time those that followed him were called Christians after the Greek word for _________________________________-. 4) When Jesus preached to the people he told stories called _________________- or short stories with a moral lesson. These lessons appealed to many people because he spoke in simple ways for all to understand. 5) Jesus was turned into the _______________- authorities for blasphemy and organizing a ____________-against the Romans. He was sentenced to death by ____________________-and was nailed to the cross so his followers _________________________________-. When he died he was taken down and placed in a tomb. It is believed that three days later he rose from the dead. This is known as ____________________or the resurrection. 6) After his death the ideas of Jesus where spread through the lands and his ideas grew. Many died for believing in them, _____________-, and the religion spread rapidly through the Roman Empire. The faith was saved when Emperor __________________________ converted and saved it. 7) Jesus main ideas where to: love god, love your _____________, forgive and ________________________-. These simple ideas allowed the religion to spread. The patriarch of Rome became known as the _______________and today is in charge of the ____________________ Church. 8) As differences occurred the Christian Church began to divide, The Church of _______________ became known as Catholic, the Church of __________________ became known as Eastern Church. From the Catholic Church many groups broke off after the Protestant Reformation. Today there are about _____________________ Christian Denominations. 9) Most Christian denominations believe in the Christian Bible, made up of the ____________ Testament (Jewish Bible) and the _______________Testament (stories of Jesus and after). The ideas of Baptism, Marriage, Easter, Christmas, the Cross and forgiveness are common in most. 10) Christianity is the largest religion in the world today, 2.1 Billion. Top 10 Things You Need to Know About Islam 1) Islam means _____________________-. Someone who follows the Islamic faith is called a ___________________- or one who submits. 2) Muhammad is the ________________-- of Islam and founder. The belief is that he was in a cave fasting and praying when the _________________ visited him and told him to be the last and final messenger of god or _________. 3) During this time period Muhammad recorded all the words of the Angel Gabriel in their holy scripture called the ________________. It was during this time that Muhammad traveled from Jerusalem to the heavens and met with the great prophets, Moses, Abraham and Jesus. This is also known as the holy month of ______________________-. During this month many will make the _________ to Mecca. They will also fast from sun up to sun down. 4) Muslims follow the ___ Pillars of Islam; proclamation of faith, the Salat (pray 5x a day), Charity, Fast during Ramadan, make a hajj to Mecca. 5) _______________ is the holy city of Islam and is where Muhammad was born and raised, where he was inspired and where the _______________ (sacred shrine/cube from Allah) is located. This is where they must face when praying and must try to make a hajj. 6) When Muhammad began to preach he was not accepted by the Meccans because they feared he would _______________________ network. He was eventually forced out and went to Medina where he converted the people there to his ideas. This became known as the _______________ or turning point in Islam. He returned to Mecca with an army of his followers and captured the city. 7) The religion of Islam spread more after his death under the 1st 4 _______________ or successor to the prophet. The religion spread rapidly during this time and took over much of the Middle East. During this time there was a division on who should be the successor. Those that supported that any right Muslim male could be caliph are called ________________(majority). Those that said that it had to be a relative of Muhammad are called __________________ (minority). 8) The religion grew out of ideas from both the _________________ and the Christian faith. Muhammad called Jews and Christians “_____________________” because they believed in the __________________. He was just the final prophet. Not all Muslims are Arabs. An Arab is some one who’s native language is _________________. However Arabic is the language of Islam and therefore most Muslims will learn the Arabic language. 9) Islamic house of worship is called a ________________-. They will gather on _________________ to pray in unison. It is usually led by an Imam or ________________. But it is not necessary because in Islam there is no need for someone to interpret the meaning like in other religions. This is also what makes Islam the most growing religion today. 10) The other main book in Islam is the Shariah or ______________. It is the interpretations of the Qur’an in order for people to live a devout life. In many countries the Shariah is the basis for their everyday laws. Today the Islamic faith has over 1.5 billion members. Hinduism 1) The chief religion of India, __________________ - no formal church/house, roots from ancient Aryan beliefs. It is a ______________, a social system and culture. It shapes and unifies ______________in India. 2) No 1 sacred text, multiple, all telling a different part of the religion. a. ______________ – defining scriptures, 4 books, most ancient b. Ramayana and Mahabharata, Bhagwad Gita, Upanishads 1. Contains __________________________ 2. __________________ and epics- long narrative poems 3) It is ___________________, Thousands of Gods- _________________, a. Each god is part of a single supreme force, ________________ ii. Nameless, formless and unlimited b. Three main gods of Hinduism or ____________________ iii. ________________- creator iv. ________________- preserver v. ________________- destroyer c. Each god can take many ___________, Each sect__________________________- worship one or another these gods or their wives and children 4) Each person had an ____________________- essential self or __________________, that will never die and continue to live lives past the death of the ____________________. 5) True goal is __________________- freeing the soul from body so that the soul can unite with Brahman, ________________ happen in 1 lifetime. 6) Follows the ideas of Reincarnation = ___________________________. Body dies- soul may be _____________ as anything from a god to a flower to a snake but is only temporary, continues until soul reaches _______________________ 7) ___________________ = duties and obligations/law of morality that you must follow. Obedience to caste rules or moral laws will improve _____________________________ by carrying their duties in this life 8) Karma means- “______________”, law of cause and effect, Mental and physical deeds in life will affect a person’s ___________________________, Present situation a result or past existence. “Follow your _____________ and you will have good _____________” 9) Broke society into the ___________ System (Varna). Based on four social classes and occupation, ________________________________, Born into certain caste and remain there for life, Can marry only within cast 10) Most ___________________ religion in the world today as it continues to grow and add new ideas to the old ones. Buddhism 1) Siddhartha Gautama – born about 560 B.C- in ________, was a son of local ruler who kept him away from human sorrow because of the interpretation ___________________________. 2) Escaped the palace and saw ____________, dead man, and a __________, realized suffering of life, so he left family and wealth- set out to find out cause of ________________________ 3) After six years of searching- sat ___________________ under a sacred tree- reached __________________________, Understood cause of human suffering and its cure Became known as ____________ or “Enlightened one” 4) Buddha’s teaching = __________________________ a. Suffering is ________________ = Everyone suffers pain, sickness and death b. Cause of suffering is _______________ =People desire riches and long life c. To end suffering you must ________________ = Give up desired. To end desire –follow Noble Eightfold Path 5) Eightfold Path = ______________________________________ 1. Understanding of suffering, ____________________for all creatures, kindness and truthfulness 6) If you follow the eightfold path you will achieve _________________freedom from the cycle of birth and death or _______________________ e. Buddha thought himself as a _________________, Believed salvation achieved when individual self escaped body, Believed in _______________________________, but denied existence of any gods 7) After his death his ideas spread, however not in India or Nepal. Ideas were passed on by followers and eventually written in the a series of books called the _________________________________________ 8) Two main sects developed after: 1. ______________________-_-Buddhism= Stressed monastic life as way to reach nirvana, Buddha as teacher- not worshiped as god, Spread to Ceylon, Burma, and Thailand 2. ______________________ Buddhism = Spread to China, Tibet and Korea, Worshiped Buddha and other enlightened gods 9) Ideas flourished and took route in many other cultures because it answered what happened when you died. However Buddha did not want ________________________________________.