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Mesopotamia is part of a larger area of rich farmland called the Fertile Crescent. 06 HSS Chapter 3: Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent Annual floods on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers brought silt that made the land ideal for farming. 06 HSS Chapter 3: Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent With food surpluses, fewer people needed to farm and new occupations developed creating a division of labor. 06 HSS Chapter 3: Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent Irrigation and canals along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers helped solve flooding and drought problems. 06 HSS Chapter 3: Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent The Sumerians created the world’s first advanced society through the use of basic political units called city-states. 06 HSS Chapter 3: Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent Polytheism, the worship of many gods, was the basis for all Sumerian society. 06 HSS Chapter 3: Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent Kings were at the top of the social hierarchy because they claimed to be chosen to rule by the gods. 06 HSS Chapter 3: Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent The Sumerians invented the world’s first writing system, called cuneiform, using clay tablets and styluses. 06 HSS Chapter 3: Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent The Babylonians conquered Mesopotamia and created a code of law for all to see – Hammurabi’s Code. 06 HSS Chapter 3: Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent The Phoenicians built an extensive trading society and developed the alphabet that would later become the English language. 06 HSS Chapter 3: Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent