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Social Welfare WILSON 19 Objective Questions Who Governs? To What Ends? How, if at all, have What does the Americans’ views of government’s responsibility to help the “deserving poor” changed over time? Why are some government social welfare programs politically protected while others are politically imperiled? Constitution mean by “promote the general welfare”? Should religious groups be eligible to administer some federal welfare programs? Nature of Social Welfare Purpose of the chapter is to explain the key features of the 2 kinds of programs Majoritarian: SS and Medicare No means test, debate costs Benefits > costs and legitimate role of government Client Politics: Medicaid, food stamps Means tested, debate legitimacy Hidden or small costs and deserving clients Many other programs Major Social Welfare Programs No Means Test Means Tested Social Security Temporary Assistance Medicare Unemployment Insurance for Needy Families Supplemental Security Income Food Stamps Medicaid Earned Income Tax Credit US view of Welfare More restrictive view of those who deserve it Slower to embrace a welfare state Insist that states play a large role in managing Nongovernmental organizations play large role Deserving vs. undeserving poor Fair share of national income Money vs. in-kind benefits Charitable choice laws Executive Office of Faith Based Initiative Majoritarian Policies Great Depression emergency measures Cabinet Committee on Economic Security Insurance program Assistance program Social Security Act – 1935 Politics of socialized medicine Adding Medicare – 1965 Democratic majorities in Congress Johnson’s election Saving an Ailing System From 16:1 to 2:1 Risks in private stock markets Inefficiencies in public health care Al Gore “lock box” Bush prescription drug plan Medicare Modernization Act – 2003 Privatization Universal Healthcare Romney/Kennedy “Obamacare” Client Welfare Policies AFDC – 1935 States administer under federal rules Earned Income Tax Credit Believed to encourage ‘bad behavior’ Cost and legitimacy critics Clients changed from widows to never-married TANF – 1996 State block grant program Service strategy preferred to an income strategy Reforming Majoritarian Education Programs Comprehensive public education Historically Democratic issue Republicans and school vouchers Market-based solution to the problem of underperforming schools in poor areas No child Left Behind – Bush Performance based Funding to top schools Race to the Top - Obama Money to underperforming schools