Download Physics Review 7.P.2

Physics II review (COPY 3) [1112986]
Student
Class
Date
1. Two workers are painting a house. They are using a pulley system to help them.
How does this pulley system most likely help the workers?
A. It makes the workers use less rope.
B. It keeps the bucket from spilling.
C. It makes the bucket easier to lift.
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D. It keeps the worker from falling.
2. A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used
to
A. decrease effort.
B. decrease work.
C. change direction.
D. change resistance.
3. A house uses a roof to carry away large amounts of rain efficiently. A roof composed of
two attached inclined planes forms what type of simple machine?
A. wedge
B. screw
C. ramp
D. lever
4. Some new cars use special braking systems to recover energy when the brakes are
applied. This energy is stored in special batteries and is used to power the electric motor.
What type of energy are the brakes storing as they slow down the car?
A. gravitational
B. kinetic
C. potential
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D. thermal
5. Francisco is learning about circuits in class and makes the simple circuit shown. His
teacher asks him to explain the role of each part of the circuit.
The primary role of the wire in the circuit is to
A. conduct electricity.
B. provide energy.
C. convert light.
D. produce heat.
6. One device used for electrical safety involves a metal strip that bends when it gets hot.
This bending flips a switch which interrupts the current. What is this device called?
A. circuit breaker
B. fuse
C. electric meter
D. resistor
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7. The picture shows a can opener being operated.
Which form of energy is most likely used to open the can?
A. thermal
B. chemical
C. electrical
D. mechanical
8. A student is pushing a 20-kilogram box up a ramp. Which change will require the student
to use less force to push the box?
A. increasing the mass of the box
B. decreasing the length of the ramp
C. decreasing the steepness of the ramp
D. increasing the friction on the surface of the box
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9. Leticia is trying to lift a box using the least amount of force. Which first-class lever should
she use?
A.
B.
C.
D.
10. A juggler tosses balls into the air as he juggles.
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Which form of energy is increasing as the balls travel up into the air?
A. kinetic energy
B. thermal energy
C. potential energy
D. chemical energy
11. Use the following diagram to answer the question that follows.
When the simple machine shown lifts the load, the machine will
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A. multiply the force.
B. decrease the load.
C. increase the work.
D. multiply the power.
12. A student is investigating the transfer of electrical energy in a circuit. In which circuit will
electrical energy light the bulb?
A.
B.
C.
D.
13. Which of the following would have the greatest mechanical advantage?
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A.
B.
C.
D.
14. A student pushed a rock from the top of a hill.
What type of energy change occurred after the rock was pushed?
A. Heat energy was converted to potential energy.
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B. Electrical energy was converted to heat energy.
C. Potential energy was converted to kinetic energy.
D. Kinetic energy was converted to electrical energy.
15.
The kinetic energy of an object can be determined using the equation
, where
is the kinetic energy, is the mass, and is the speed of the object. What is the mass of an
object moving at a speed of 12 that has 36 J of kinetic energy?
A. 0.13 kg
B. 0.50 kg
C. 2.0 kg
D. 8.0 kg
16. Engineers are building a dam in a river valley. Once the dam is built, a reservoir will
develop.
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Which energy transformation are engineers most likely attempting to achieve?
A. to convert electrical energy into potential energy
B. to convert potential energy into electrical energy
C. to convert electromagnetic energy into kinetic energy
D. to convert kinetic energy into gravitational energy
17. Use the following diagram to answer the question that follows.
Cars X and Y start at rest and move to the left as shown in the diagram. During that time,
Car Y has
A. less inertia than Car X.
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B. more power than Car X.
C. a greater weight than Car X.
D. a lower acceleration than Car X.
18. A student plans to build a model rollercoaster for a science fair. The only energy for the
car is the potential energy it contains. The student wants the car to roll from Point 1 to
Point 2. Which design allows the car to roll to Point 2 by converting its potential energy
into kinetic energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
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19. A simple electrical circuit is shown.
In the metal wires, electrical current travels from the
A. light bulb to the positive side of the battery.
B. two sides of the battery to the light bulb.
C. positive side of the battery to the light bulb.
D. negative side of the battery to the light bulb.
20. Which simple machine increases the distance over which a load travels and reduces the
needed force?
A. wheel and axle
B. wedge
C. pulley
D. inclined plane
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21. A roller coaster is climbing up the highest hill on its track. At which point will the front car
of the coaster most likely have its greatest potential energy?
A. at the bottom of the highest hill
B. at the top of the highest hill
C. at the start of the track
D. at the end of the track
22. What is the function of the wire in the diagram below?
A. storing an electrical charge
B. reversing the electrical charge every few seconds
C. absorbing the flow of electricity from the surrounding air
D. providing a way for electricity to flow through the circuit
23. Use the diagram to answer the question that follows.
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One benefit provided by the machine shown in the diagram is that it
A. changes the direction of the force.
B. increases the amount of the force.
C. reduces the friction of lifting.
D. changes the resistance.
24. Which pulley system requires the least amount of force to move the object?
A.
B.
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C.
D.
25. An incandescent bulb placed in a closed circuit works by allowing electrons to travel
through a very thin piece of wire in the bulb. The bulb will then give off infrared radiation.
This is an example of
A. kinetic energy being transformed into potential energy.
B. electrical energy being transformed in heat and light energy.
C. magnetic energy being transformed into electrical energy.
D. electrical energy being transformed into mechanical energy.
26. The table below shows the force and the displacement of four carts.
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Cart Cart Force (N) Total Displacement (m)
W
5
10
X
4
11
Y
6
5
Z
4
7
Which cart had the greatest amount of work done?
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
27. Look at the drawing of the ball bouncing below.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of words to use to indicate the different
types of energy shown in the drawing?
A. kinetic, potential, potential, kinetic
B. potential, kinetic, kinetic, potential
C. potential, kinetic, potential, kinetic
D. potential, potential, kinetic, kinetic
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28. A student applied a force of 200 N to push a box 15 m down the sidewalk. Given the
formula, W = F × d, how much work has been done?
A. 30 J
B. 300 J
C. 3000 J
D. 30,000 J
29. A student uses the fulcrum and board shown below to move a large rock. The student’s
friends suggest ways to revise the design.
Which suggestion best helps the student move the rock while using less force?
A. put the fulcrum on top of the board
B. move the fulcrum closer to the rock
C. apply force directly above the fulcrum
D. completely remove the fulcrum
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30. Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is
needed to make the bell ring?
A. friction
B. gravity
C. a convection current
D. an electrical circuit
31. Which items are needed to create a simple circuit?
A. wire and switch
B. wire and battery
C. light bulb and switch
D. light bulb and battery
32. Current moving through a circuit is stopped with a
A. wire.
B. battery.
C. switch.
D. bulb.
33. In a gasoline-powered car, chemical energy from gasoline is transformed to make the car
move. The motion of the car is what form of energy?
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A. radiant energy
B. nuclear energy
C. electrical energy
D. mechanical energy
34. Which one of the following best describes a fuse?
A. a material that allows current to travel through a circuit
B. a material that prevents current from moving through it easily
C. a device that uses a magnet to protect a circuit from current overloads
D. a device that uses a metal strip that melts away when a current becomes overloaded
35. A student sets up this electric circuit.
The student then realizes that turning off one light turns off all the lights. In order to make
it possible for each light to be turned on and off separately, the student should convert
the circuit into a
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A. short circuit.
B. series circuit.
C. closed circuit.
D. parallel circuit.
36. An escalator is a compound machine that can be found in many buildings. The stairway
on an escalator moves in a loop, which helps people move from one floor of a building to
the next. The stairway loop moves with the help of a wheel and axle.
The stairway of the escalator is an example of which simple machine?
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A. lever
B. screw
C. wedge
D. inclined plane
37. The picture shows the inside of a watch. This watch uses both a battery and a simple
machine to measure time. The arrow points to the simple machine inside the watch.
What simple machine helps make the watch measure time?
A. a wheel and axle
B. an inclined plane
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C. a screw
D. a lever
38. The gears of a machine are shown. When gear 1 turns, it transfers energy to gears 2 and
3.
How will the energy from gear 1 make gears 2 and 3 turn?
A.
B.
C.
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D.
39. Seth wanted to remove a large rock from his garden.
Which tool would make it easiest to lift the rock out of the soil?
A.
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B.
C.
D.
40. Which of the diagrams shows the correct way to set up a circuit that will light the bulb?
A.
B.
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C.
D.
41. A 10-kg rock falls from a height of 8.0 m above the ground. What is the kinetic energy of
the rock just before it hits the ground?
A. 80 J
B. 98 J
C. 320 J
D. 780 J
42. Refer to the electric circuit to answer the question that follows.
Light bulb 2 burned out in this circuit. If voltage remains constant, what happens to the
remaining light bulbs?
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A. They burn out.
B. They get brighter.
C. They get dimmer.
D. They remain the same.
43. Samantha is using a lever to lift a rock. To lift the rock most easily, where should she
apply force to the lever?
A.
B.
C.
D.
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44. Which simple machine uses a fulcrum to redirect a force?
A.
B.
C.
D.
45. Workers push a heavy box up an inclined plane and onto a truck.
Which best explains why these workers use an inclined plane?
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A. It makes their work easier.
B. It keeps their clothing clean.
C. It keeps the box from breaking.
D. It makes the box weigh less.
46. Myra rides her bicycle as shown.
At what point does Myra have the most potential energy?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
47. Barbara placed a marble at different places on a ramp. At which place will the marble have
the most potential energy?
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A.
B.
C.
D.
48. Raindrops move soil particles from one location to another.
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Which energy conversion gives raindrops the capacity to move soil particles?
A. potential to kinetic
B. electrical to potential
C. chemical to mechanical
D. gravitational to electrical
49. Students performing a lab on simple machines recorded the related facts shown below.
1. Simple machines are often used to reduce the amount of force.
2. The work output from a simple machine is always less than the work input to the simple
machine.
3. Work is a means of transferring energy.
4. Energy is always conserved.
Based on this information, which statement is a valid conclusion?
A. Simple machines are used to convert work into other forms of useful energy.
B. Simple machines can be used to reduce the amount of work required to lift an object.
C. Simple machines destroy energy equal to the difference between work input and work
output.
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D. Simple machines have friction that transforms part of the input work into other forms of
energy.
50. A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters.
The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?
A. 0.025
B. 10
C. 19.5
D. 40
51. Some plant cells need energy to carry nutrients across the cell membrane. Which type of
energy transformation does these plant cells use to bring the nutrient molecule inside the
cell membrane?
A. thermal energy to kinetic energy
B. potential energy to light energy
C. chemical energy to kinetic energy
D. kinetic energy to potential energy
52. Four identical cans are arranged on the shelves of the bookcase as shown.
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Which can has the greatest potential energy?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
53. Student A uses 4 newtons of force to move a chair 8 meters. Student B uses 3 newtons of
force but does not move the chair.
Part A: How much work is done by Student A?
Part B: How much work is done by Student B?
Include units in your answers and show your work.
54. The ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) of an inclined plane that is 10 meters long and 2
meters high is 5. To increase the IMA of this inclined plane someone could increase the
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A. height of the inclined plane.
B. length of the inclined plane.
C. angle of the inclined plane.
D. slope of the inclined plane.
55. Use the items pictured to complete the tasks that follow.
Part A: Draw a series circuit with the light bulbs on. Label the components.
Part B: Explain why this is a series circuit.
Part C: Draw a parallel circuit with the light bulbs on. Label the components.
Part D: Explain why this is a parallel circuit.
56. Which change will occur in the wire of an electrical circuit that is working properly?
A. The wire will become warmer.
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B. The wire will lose some of its mass.
C. The wire will form an electric field.
D. The wire will develop a new crystal structure.
57. The illustration shows a person removing the lid from a crate with a crowbar.
Which statement describes the force on the crowbar and the motion of the lid?
A. As the crowbar is pushed down, the lid moves down.
B. As the crowbar is pushed down, the lid moves up.
C. As the crowbar is pulled up, the lid moves down.
D. As the crowbar is pulled out, the lid moves up.
58. A hydroelectric plant uses the power of falling water to turn turbines to create electricity
to power homes, offices, and schools.
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Where is the potential energy to run the plant?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
59. A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to
A. increase the amount of current.
B. reverse the current’s direction.
C. stop the current.
D. accelerate the current.
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60. The diagrams below show force being applied to two objects.
Which conditions indicate that work was not done?
A. X because the box moved, unlike Z
B. X because the box had less mass and more force than Z
C. Z because the box had more mass and less force than X
D. Z because the box was pushed by two equal forces, unlike X
61. A student investigates how far a marble can travel up the incline after rolling down the
ramp.
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Without friction, what is the maximum height the marble will be able to reach on the
incline?
A. 4 cm
B. 7 cm
C. 9 cm
D. 10 cm
62. The diagrams show forces applied to an object.
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Which diagram shows the most work being done?
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
63. A student is organizing a room. She moves a box from the floor to a shelf. She wants to
estimate the amount of potential energy the box has on the shelf. What information does
the student need?
A. the volume and mass of the box
B. the mass of the shelf and the mass of the box
C. the mass of the box and the height of the shelf
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D. the volume of the box and the height of the shelf
64. A student removes a nail from a wooden board using this simple machine.
The machine is useful because it increases
A. work.
B. force.
C. mass.
D. distance.
65. An electric bulb will stop shining when a light switch is shut off because
A. it draws electrons away from the light.
B. it inserts a semiconductor.
C. it creates a gap in the circuit.
D. it reverses the direction of the current.
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66. Guy uses a manual can opener to open a can.
Which best explains how the can opener makes it easier for Guy to open the can?
A. The surface area of the can decreases.
B. The force applied to the can increases.
C. The friction keeping the can sealed decreases.
D. The amount of gravity acting on the can increases.
67. A wind power project has been proposed for the coastline in St. Lucie County. Windmills
would be used to produce energy by converting wind energy into electricity. Electricity
would be produced from which energy of the wind?
A. potential
B. chemical
C. kinetic
D. solar
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68. The table shows the force applied and displacement when different boxes are being
pushed.
Box Force (N) Displacement (m)
W
4
7
X
2
6
Y
1
8
Z
3
9
Which box shows the most work being done?
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
69. Tomas wants to paint his bedroom. He goes to the store and buys two cans of paint.
Which simple machine would make it easier for him to open the cans?
A. an inclined plane
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B. a wheel and axle
C. a pulley
D. a lever
70. Students used rulers as levers during an investigation on simple machines and forces.
They made the arms of the levers different lengths by how they placed the ruler on the
desk. They put a box on the end of the ruler. Which ruler would require the greatest force
to be able to lift the box off the desk?
A.
B.
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C.
D.
71. The picture shows a pulley.
How does a pulley help make work easier?
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A. It reduces friction.
B. It redirects the force.
C. It holds things together.
D. It pushes materials apart.
72. Students are asked to build an electric circuit. Their teacher gives them the parts shown.
What additional parts are needed to build an electric circuit with two batteries?
Draw the electric circuit so that the bulb will light.
73. A worker needs to load a heavy box onto a truck. The worker uses a ramp to move the
box because the ramp
A. increases the weight of the box.
B. reduces the gravitational force on the box.
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C. increases the amount of friction on the box.
D. reduces the amount of force applied to the box.
74. The diagram shows two ramps that a person could use to raise a 10-kilogram cardboard
box to a height of 1 meter.
Which statement correctly describes the force required to raise the box using the ramps?
A. The same amount of force will be required when using either ramp because both boxes
have a mass of 10 kg.
B. The same amount of force will be required when using either ramp because both ramps
are 1 meter high.
C. More force will be required to raise the box using Ramp X because Ramp X is steeper than
Ramp Y.
D. More force will be required to raise the box using Ramp Y because Ramp Y is longer than
Ramp X.
75. Which of the following is used as a wedge?
A. a baseball bat
B. a bicycle pedal
C. a faucet handle
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D. a sewing needle
76. An electric can opener uses a magnet to hold a can in place. As the wheel on the can
opener turns, a blade cuts the top of the can open.
The blade on the can opener is an example of what kind of simple machine?
A. lever
B. pulley
C. screw
D. wedge
77. The table below shows four different circuits with a battery and four resistors having the
same resistance.
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Which conclusion can be made about circuits in general based on the data?
A. The higher the number of resistors in series, the higher the current.
B. The higher the total resistance of the circuit, the higher the current.
C. The fewer the resistors in parallel in the circuit, the higher the current.
D. The more paths the current can take in the circuit, the higher the current.
78. Oscar needs to use an inclined plane to move some furniture into a truck. Which inclined
plane would Oscar use to get the greatest mechanical advantage?
A.
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B.
C.
D.
79. A wheelbarrow is a compound machine that uses simple machines to change the
direction or size of a force.
Which simple machines are used to form this compound machine?
A. lever, pulley
B. lever, wheel and axle
C. inclined plane, wedge
D. wedge, wheel and axle
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80. Which machine could be considered to be a type of inclined plane?
A. wheel and axle
B. lever
C. screw
D. pulley
81. While teaching a lesson on the conservation of energy, a teacher diagrams the path of the
motion of a swing moving back and forth.
Which energy transformation is the teacher most likely illustrating?
A. thermal to kinetic
B. potential to kinetic
C. chemical to potential
D. electrical to mechanical
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82. Biodiesel is an alternative to gasoline that is produced from fats or oils such as soybean
oil or restaurant grease. Although it is better for the environment than gasoline, it has
lower fuel efficiency. What most likely causes the biodiesel to be less efficient than
gasoline?
A. Biodiesel has lower potential energy therefore releases less kinetic energy.
B. Biodiesel has higher potential energy therefore releases less kinetic energy.
C. Gasoline has lower potential energy therefore releases less kinetic energy.
D. Gasoline has higher potential energy therefore releases less kinetic energy.
83. When a battery is attached to a circuit,
A. the electricity stays in the battery.
B. all the electricity empties into the circuit.
C. the electricity goes around the circuit and back to the battery.
D. some of the electricity goes into the circuit, and the rest stays in the battery.
84. A log splitting machine was invented to split logs quickly. A motor powers a metal piece
that is pushed through the middle of a log.
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The metal piece used to split a log is an example of what simple machine?
A. a wedge
B. a pulley
C. a screw
D. a lever
85. Constance drew a diagram to show the flow of electricity in a flashlight.
What would happen if Constance placed the cardboard circle between the two batteries?
A. The flashlight would not work.
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B. The light would only be half as bright.
C. The cardboard would not affect the flashlight.
D. The flashlight would stay on if she turned off the switch.
86. In order for electricity from a battery to power a light bulb, the wire has to provide the
electricity a path to do what?
A. flow through the entire closed circuit
B. charge the air molecules near the circuit
C. jump from one battery terminal to the other
D. change the chemical properties of the wire
87. The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets rubs its two hind legs
together. Which type of energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?
A. sound energy to thermal energy
B. thermal energy to chemical energy
C. mechanical energy to sound energy
D. mechanical energy to chemical energy
88. A crane uses a pulley system to make work easier.
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Which statement best explains how the pulley system in a crane makes work easier?
A. The pulley system reduces the mass of the object being lifted.
B. The pulley system reduces the volume of the object being lifted.
C. The pulley system reduces the amount of force needed to lift an object.
D. The pulley system reduces the distance the object being lifted needs to move.
89. A force of 120 newtons (N) was applied to a pulley to lift an object a height of 1 meter (m).
If 100 joules (J) of work was done on the weight, how much work was used to overcome
the force of friction in the pulley?
A. 1.2 joules
B. 20 joules
C. 120 joules
D. 220 joules
90. A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and
stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?
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A. kinetic energy converted to potential energy
B. chemical energy converted to kinetic energy
C. chemical energy converted to thermal energy
D. thermal energy converted to potential energy
91. The drawing shows a waterfall flowing into a pool of water.
Which statement best describes the energy of the objects in the drawing?
A. The pool of water has more kinetic energy and the falling water has more potential energy.
B. The falling water has potential energy and the rock over which it flows has kinetic energy.
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C. The water has potential energy at the top of the waterfall and increasing kinetic energy as it
falls.
D. The water at the top of the fall has kinetic energy that becomes potential energy as it falls
into the pool.
92. Use the diagram of the circuit to answer the question that follows.
A magnetic field will be detected near this circuit only if
A. the wire is made of iron.
B. a current flows through the wire.
C. the wire is cooled first.
D. the battery contains acid.
93. A series circuit consists of four light bulbs. If the first light bulb burns out, what will most
likely happen to the other light bulbs?
A.
B.
The other light bulbs will be brighter.
The other light bulbs will get dimmer.
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C. The other light bulbs will blink on and off.
D. The other light bulbs will all go out.
94. Jillian and her classmates went to clean up a park. They used a wheelbarrow to move
branches to the side of the road for pick up. The wheelbarrow reduced the effort they
need to make to move the branches.
Which simple machine is in the wheelbarrow that makes the work easier for Jillian and
her classmates?
A. lever
B. pulley
C. screw
D. wedge
95. A roller coaster car starts rolling from a rest at the top of a point V.
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Assuming there is no friction, between which two points will the roller coaster stop?
A. V-W
B. W-X
C. X-Y
D. Y-Z
96. The picture shows a pulley system with three platforms.
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Which would most likely happen if the mass on Platform 2 was removed?
A. Platforms 1 and 3 will move downward.
B. Platforms 1 and 3 will move upward.
C. Platform 2 will be even with Platform 1.
D. Platform 2 will be even with Platform 3.
97. A 1200-newton box is placed in a delivery truck 1.0 meter high. A worker used a 400
newton force to push the box up a 4-meter inclined plane. What is the efficiency of the
inclined plane?
A. 10%
B. 33%
C. 75%
D. 133%
98. What form of energy is stored in a battery?
A. chemical
B. sound
C. light
D. heat
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99. A student used two long wires to connect a lightbulb to a battery. The student noticed
that as soon as the circuit was complete, a nearby compass started to point in a direction
other than north. The compass pointed in a different direction because it was reacting to
the
A. heat produced by the lightbulb.
B. light produced by the lightbulb.
C. electric field produced by the battery.
D. magnetic field produced by the electric current.
100. An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called
A. a closed circuit.
B. an open circuit.
C. a filament.
D. a battery.
101. The diagram below shows a normal fault.
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The fault is formed by the release of
A. electromagnetic energy.
B. potential energy.
C. chemical energy.
D. heat energy.
102. A rock that falls off a cliff demonstrates both potential and kinetic energy.
Which is the best comparison of these two forms of energy?
A. As the kinetic energy increases, the potential energy decreases.
B. As the potential energy decreases, the kinetic energy decreases.
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C. The amount of kinetic energy is equal to one-half of the potential energy.
D. The amount of potential energy is equal to one-fourth of the kinetic energy.
103. The mass of the basketball shown below is 4 times the mass of the baseball.
If the two balls are moving at the same speed, and the basketball and the baseball has a
kinetic energy of 10.0 J, what is the kinetic energy of the basketball?
A. 2.5 J
B. 5.0 J
C. 10.0 J
D. 20.0 J
104. Doctors listen to the sound of heart vibrations using a stethoscope. The vibrations are
caused by the acceleration and deceleration of the blood through the heart. Which type
of energy is converted to the sound energy heard in the stethoscope?
A. chemical energy of muscles from exercise
B. potential energy from the height of the person
C. kinetic energy from contractions of the heart muscle
D. heat energy of the movement of blood through vessels
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105. The drawing represents a mountain bike trail.
A bike rider began at Point 1 on the trail and ended at Point 4.
• Describe the change in kinetic energy from Point 1 to Point 2.
• Describe the change in potential energy from Point 1 to Point 2.
106. Maria throws a ball to Thomas. The ball has kinetic energy and potential energy. The ball
makes a path through the air, as shown in the diagram.
At which labeled point on the diagram does the ball have the least kinetic energy?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
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D. 4
107. The diagram shows a swinging pendulum. Five different positions of the pendulum are
labeled. Each position contains different amounts of potential and kinetic energy.
The potential and kinetic energy of the pendulum can be represented on bar graphs.
Which graph correctly shows the amount of energy available at position 3?
A.
B.
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C.
D.
108. As the velocity of a runner increases, which type of energy also increases?
A. kinetic
B. potential
C. chemical
D. electrical
109. Which energy conversion happens when a person shivers and the energy is transferred
to make the muscles and joints move?
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A. kinetic energy to potential energy
B. heat energy to kinetic energy
C. potential energy to chemical energy
D. chemical energy to mechanical energy
110. Thomas watches an orange fall from a tree to the ground.
Which best describes the flow of energy as the orange falls and hits the ground?
A. Solar energy → Potential energy → Heat energy
B. Potential energy → Sound energy → Heat energy
C. Kinetic energy → Potential energy → Sound energy
D. Potential energy → Kinetic energy → Sound energy
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111. A student investigated different ways to lift a large brick to a shelf two meters above the
ground. The data collected by the student are shown in the table.
Method of Moving the Brick
Distance Brick Moved (m) Force Used (N)
1) Lifting the brick straight up
2
10
2) Pushing the brick up Ramp X
4
5
3) Pushing the brick up Ramp Y
5
4
4) Pushing the brick up Ramp Z
10
2
Which method made moving the brick easiest?
A. Method 1
B. Method 2
C. Method 3
D. Method 4
112. The primary function of a doorbell circuit is to convert electrical energy into
A. sound.
B. motion.
C. radiant energy.
D. chemical energy.
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113. A light bulb is connected to a battery by a wire as shown.
What happens when the wire is removed from the light bulb?
A. The light bulb stops shining.
B. The wire produces electricity.
C. The light bulb glows brighter.
D. The battery loses power.
114. Some steep roads have an emergency exit ramp, known as a “Runaway Truck Ramp.”
This ramp serves as a way off the road for drivers having difficulty slowing their
vehicles.
Which statement best describes how this inclined plane helps the driver of the vehicle?
A. It changes the direction of the force needed to slow the vehicle.
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B. It changes the size of the force needed to move the vehicle.
C. It increases the distance required to move the vehicle.
D. It increases the force required to slow the vehicle.
115. The box labeled X rests on a lever. A force, represented by the arrow, is needed to lift the
box.
What is another name for the box?
A. effort arm
B. resistance arm
C. effort force
D. resistance force
116. The scientist on the left lifts an 8N weight (1.84 pounds) to chest level. When he releases
it, the weight moves toward the scientist on the right. Both scientists are the same
height.
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Which should the observer most likely record about the weight?
A. The scientist on the right will have to move back to point 4 to catch the weight at chest
level.
B. The scientist on the right can remain stationary and catch the weight at chest level.
C. The weight reaches its highest potential energy at point 2.
D. The weight reaches its highest kinetic energy at point 3.
117. Mrs. Pearson’s class is studying the amount of energy stored in objects. If the same
rock is put in four different places, at which location will the rock have the most potential
energy?
A.
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B.
C.
D.
118. Amanda uses a lever to lift a box. She calculates that the lever gives her a theoretical
mechanical advantage of 2.
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Which of the following will act to reduce the actual mechanical advantage to less than 2?
A. The load will move twice as far as the effort moves.
B. The box will convert input energy to heat energy as it rises.
C. Friction at the fulcrum will transform some energy into heat.
D. The force of the load will be less than half of the effort force.
119. When a button is pushed on a battery-operated clock, the time display is illuminated.
What process has taken place?
A. Pressure has been converted to light.
B. Force has been converted to light.
C. Closing an electric circuit has produced light.
D. Opening an electric circuit has produced light.
120. The line shows the path of the ball.
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As the ball moves from Point 3 to Point 4, which energy conversion is taking place?
A. thermal to kinetic
B. kinetic to thermal
C. potential to kinetic
D. kinetic to potential
121. While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an
airbag, what is increasing?
A. gravity
B. wind velocity
C. kinetic energy
D. potential energy
122. The ram on a crane uses the force of kinetic energy to push a spike into the ground.
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From which position should the ram be released to have the greatest kinetic energy
when it hits the spike?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
123. Stephen needs to lift a large box off of the floor. He makes two different pulley systems
to help him lift the box. Then he tries using each of the pulley systems.
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To find out which pulley system needs less power to work, what measurement must
Stephen record each time the box is lifted?
A. length of the rope
B. strength of the student
C. height the box is raised
D. force used to raise the box
124. While on the launch pad, the space shuttle rocket boosters and external fuel tank hold
about
pounds of fuel. This amount of fuel is necessary to propel the space
shuttle into an orbit 300 km above Earth. In order to escape the gravity at the surface of
Earth, the chemical energy is converted to which type of energy?
A. kinetic
B. nuclear
C. electrical
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D. geothermal
125. Which best represents the use of mechanical energy?
A. a light bulb giving off heat
B. a candle providing light
C. a nail being hammered
D. a can rusting
126. The pendulum shown moves from point 1 to point 5.
Which statement best describes the change in energy during motion of the pendulum?
A. The kinetic energy at point 3 increases as it moves to point 4.
B. The potential energy at point 2 increases as it moves to point 4.
C. The kinetic energy at point 1 is equal to the potential energy at point 3.
D. The potential energy at point 1 is equal to the potential energy at point 3.
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127. What is the mechanical advantage of the pulley pictured below?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
128. What does the mechanical energy of a system include?
A. the sum of the potential and kinetic energy
B. the difference of the potential and kinetic energy
C. only the kinetic energy
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D. only the potential energy
129. Energy is transferred in an electrical circuit through
A. static protons.
B. moving protons.
C. static electrons.
D. moving electrons.
130. How does flipping a switch turn on a light?
A. It creates a spark.
B. It breaks an electrical circuit.
C. It generates electricity.
D. It completes an electrical circuit.
131. Two different types of pulleys are shown. Pulley 1 is a fixed pulley and Pulley 2 is a
movable pulley.
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What is Pulley 2 designed to do that Pulley 1 cannot do?
A. decrease work
B. reduce effort force
C. reduce weight of object lifted
D. decrease mechanical advantage
132. Which circuit diagram shows three resistors connected in series?
A.
B.
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C.
D.
133. The wheelbarrow below is classified as a second-class lever.
If a 500 N bag of soil is added to the wheelbarrow, which statement best describes the
effort force?
A. The effort equals load.
B. The effort is less than load.
C. The effort is greater than the load.
D. The effort decreases mechanical advantage.
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134. Riding a bicycle produces several forms of energy. Which form of energy is produced in
the greatest amount by pedaling a bicycle down the sidewalk?
A. chemical
B. radiant
C. kinetic
D. sound
135. Ramon keeps some objects on his bookcase. All of the objects have the same mass.
Based on the picture, which object in Ramon’s bookcase contains the most potential
energy?
A. Ball
B. Vase
C. Toy
D. Book
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136. Jorge calculated the gravitational potential energy of the objects shown in the
illustration.
Which statement is supported by the calculated data on the table?
A. The gravitational potential energy of an object is not dependent on its mass.
B. The gravitational energy of an object is inversely proportional to its height above the
ground.
C. As the weight of an object is increased, its gravitational potential energy decreases.
D. As the height of an object is increased, its gravitational potential energy also increases.
137. The diagram shown below represents an electrical circuit.
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Which labeled element represents a resistor?
A. P
B. Q
C. R
D. S
138. What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?
A. Potential energy is the energy of an object due to its position, while kinetic energy is energy
due to its motion.
B. Potential energy is the energy of an object due to its motion, while kinetic energy is energy
due to its position.
C. Potential energy is the energy of an object due to an applied force, while kinetic energy is
energy stored after the applied force.
D. Potential energy is the energy stored after an applied force, while kinetic energy is the
energy used from the applied force.
139. Wire was looped several times around an iron nail, and the wire’s ends were connected
to a battery. For which of these will this device most likely be used?
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A. to produce a heat source
B. to demonstrate frictional forces
C. to create a magnetic field
D. to generate a sound wave
140. In the figure, a 500-gram (g) ball is located on top of a table.
Which measurement will the student need to take if he wants to calculate the potential
energy of the ball?
A. volume of the ball
B. density of the ball
C. vertical distance from the floor to the ball
D. horizontal distance from the ball to the edge of the table
141. Mr. Moyers’ class was studying how work is done on an object. In which situation is the
amount of work done on the object equal to zero?
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A. A shopper pushes a cart with a broken wheel.
B. An apple growing on a tree falls to the ground.
C. A person pushes on a heavy box but is unable to move it.
D. An athlete swings a bat in the air without hitting anything.
142. Neil studied how a pulley helps move an object. Neil tied a rope to an object with a mass
of 10 kilograms (kg) and attached it to a pulley. He then pulled down on the rope.
When Neil pulled down on the rope, which did he most likely learn about the force
required to lift the object?
A. It was half of the weight of the object.
B. It was equal to the weight of the object.
C. It was two times the weight of the object.
D. It was three times the weight of the object.
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143. A baker is making cookies. She mixes the ingredients in a bowl and forms a ball of
dough. The ball of dough needs to be rolled flat before it is baked.
Which simple machine is best used to flatten the dough?
A. wheel and axle
B. inclined plane
C. wedge
D. lever
144. The diagram shows a child swinging on a swing set.
As the child moves from left to right, at which point will the maximum kinetic energy be
reached?
A. 1
B. 2
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C. 3
D. 4
145. In which circuit will the light(s) be on?
A.
B.
C.
D.
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146. A student pushes down on the lever with an effort of 40 newtons to lift the box.
What are two advantages in using the lever to lift the box?
147. Jeremy exerted a force of 400 newtons on a pair of pliers that held a walnut. The pliers
generated a force of 1200 newtons onto the walnut and cracked it open.
What was the mechanical advantage of the pliers?
A. 0.3
B. 3.0
C. 800
D. 1600
148. The table below shows different situations involving a box.
Situation
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1
A box is lifted 6 meters in the air by a forklift.
2
A box is lifted 3 meters off the ground by a person.
3
A box is lifted 10 meters in the air by a crane.
4
A box is left on the ground by a student.
Which of the following shows the situations organized from least to greatest amount of
work done on the box?
A. 4, 2, 1, 3
B. 1, 4, 3, 2
C. 4, 1, 2, 3
D. 1, 2, 3, 4
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