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Today’s LEQ: What are some typical misconceptions and stereotypes Westerners hold about the Middle East and vice versa? Judaism Christianity Islam Monotheistic – belief in one god 4,000 years old Founded near present day Israel Followers have common heritage but divided in practice: ▪ i.e. Orthodox vs. Reform Jews enslaved by ancient Egypt & freed by Moses God revealed his laws to Moses & the 10 commandments In one God, creator of the universe. In prophets – especially Moses Believe Jesus was Jewish as were his followers and the Apostles – Jews still await their Messiah In Torah (first five books of the Bible), which guides the life of a Jew – no New Testament Judaism is the foundation of Christianity but is not a part of it Monotheistic 2,000 years old Founded near present-day Israel Based on life, teachings, death & resurrection of Jesus, believed to be the Christ (messiah/savior) Both Old Testament (before Jesus) & New Testament (after Jesus was born) The sacrifice of Jesus –(a “scapegoat”) as the ultimate atonement for the sins of humanity Heaven and Hell: Eternal life for those who are “saved by the blood of the Jesus.” Eternal damnation for those who are not so saved. Monotheistic 1,400 years old Founded in Mecca Two main sects: Sunni (majority) Shiite Muhammad is considered the “last prophet” Exposed to Jews & Christians through trade and developed great respect for both God spoke to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel – revealed to him message from Allah – or God Only one God - Allah Believe in many of the same prophets as Christians & Jews – just believe they have strayed from true faith that is Islam Believe Jesus was a prophet – not the son of God Believe world has definite end, and on that final day, God will judge all people Muhammad’s teachings are recorded in the Koran The first duties of a Muslim are known as the Five Pillars of Islam, which are five acts of worship required of all Muslims Statement of Faith: “There is no god but God, & Muhammad is his prophet” Praying five times a day (wash before praying, face Mecca, and use a prayer rug) ▪ dawn ▪ noon ▪ late afternoon ▪ Sunset ▪ before going to bed Charity Fasting during holy month of Ramadan At least one pilgrimage to Mecca The Qur’an discusses Jihad, “to make an effort, or to struggle.” Jihad refers to the inner struggle people go through in their effort to obey God. Jihad can also mean the struggle to defend the Muslim community, or historically, to convert people to Islam. Extremists have translated jihad as “holy war.”