Download Study Guide Greece (All quotes from Harman, A Peoples History of

Study Guide
Greece
(All quotes from Harman, A Peoples History of the World, Bookmarks, 1999)
1. The Greek Dark Age (1200-800 BCE)
2. Greece: resource ________
3. surpluses and colonization ----
4. Greek farmers grew: barley, _____ trees and _____ _____
5. craft skills
6. Greek Dark Age ended with renewed contacts with _______ _______
7. ___________ alphabet adapted to Greek writing system
8. Greek polis/city-state - “The Greek city-states, unencumbered by the gross
bureaucracies of the Mesopotamian, Assyrian and Persian empires, were able to show a
greater dynamism and to command the active allegiance of a much greater proportion of
their populations when it came to war.”
9. tyranny
10. oligarchy
11. Greek slavery --- “The relative unproductiveness of the land had one other very important
side effect. The surplus output that could be obtained after feeding a peasant family and
its children was quite small. But it could be increased considerably by working the land -- and later the mines and large craft establishments --- with the labor of childless adults.
The enslavement of war captives provided just such a labor force --- slavery in Greece, as
later in Rome, became a major source or the surplus”
12. Athens --- It became the leading city of Ancient Greece in the first millennium BC. Its
cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of western
civilization
13. Athenian working classes and “democracy” --- “In some states, most notably Athens, the
pressure from below resulted in even more radical changes --- the replacement of both
oligarchy and tyranny by ‘democracy.’ The word, taken literally, means ‘people power.’
In reality it never referred to the whole people since it excluded slaves, women and
resident non-citizens --- the metics, who often accounted for a large percentage of the
traders and craftsmen. It did not challenge the concentration of property --- and slaves --it the hands of the rich either --- but did give the poor the power to protect themselves
from the worst extortions of the rich”
14. Solons reforms (594 BCE)
15. Sparta
16. helots
17. Ionian Revolt: The Ionian Revolts were triggered by the actions of Aristagoras, the
tyrant of the Ionian city of Miletus at the end of the 6th century BC and the beginning of
the 5th century BC. They constituted the first major conflict between Greece and Persia.
18. Persian Wars --- Darius & Xerxes
19. Greek hoplites
20. Battle of Marathon (490 BCE)
21. Battle of Thermopylae (480 BCE)
22. Themistocles (525 - c.460 BCE)
23. mines an Laurian
24. trireme
25. Battle of Salamis (480 BCE)
26. Delian League
27. Island of Delos
28. Pericles (495 BCE-429 BCE)
29. “Golden Age” literary, theatrical and artistic achievements of Athens were due in part to
__________ and __________
30. Peloponnesian War (431 BCE - 404 BCE)
31. Socrates (469 BCE – May 7, 399 BCE)
32. Peloponnesian League
33. Fall of Athens
34. Philip II of Macedon (382-336 BCE)
35. Alexander (356 BCE -323 BCE) --- get the Persians!
36. Hellenistic Age
37. Oracle at Delphi
38. Greek humanism
39. Alexandria
40. Alexander and control of a vast empire
41. Alexander’s death --- fragmentation of empire
42. The Hellenistic Age