Download Sustainable Energy Systems Engineering

Sustainable Energy Systems Engineering
Peter Gevorkian
Ch 5: LEED
Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design
Brevard Community College
ETP1401
Bruce Hesher
Energy Use and Environment
In ancient times, fire was the most significant
man made pollution source. Most energy was
from non-polluting sources such as moving water,
wind, and animal power.
When the industrial revolution arrived fossil
fuels began to be used for energy. Also
population increased dramatically. Pollution and
large transfers of money for energy resulted.
Energy and Production
Most manufacturing is powered by electricity made from
fossil fuels. Material production from raw materials
requires more processing/energy than from recycled
materials.
Products made from recycled
materials such as plastic, wood,
water, paper, and metals require
less energy, create less pollution,
and cost less.
Many construction building products are made from
recycled materials.
Office Buildings
Office buildings consume
360 billion KWH annually.
Buildings consume 40% of
our energy1. Although no one
building type dominates the
commercial buildings sector,
office buildings are the most
common and account for more
than 800,000 buildings or 17
percent of total commercial
buildings. Offices comprise
more than 12 billion square feet
of floor space, 17 percent of
total commercial floor space,
the most of any building type.
Chronology
U.S. Federal Government - 1776
The Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787
Department of Energy: Formed August 8, 1977
in response to the energy crisis (Arab oil embargo of 1973).
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
Founded in 1993, is a non-profit trade organization that promotes
sustainability in how buildings are designed, built, and operated
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
The USGBC’s LEED green building certification system is the preeminent
program for rating the design, construction and operation of green buildings.
USGBC
The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
is a Washington, D.C.-based 501(c)(3) nonprofit
organization committed to a prosperous and
sustainable future for our nation through costefficient and energy-saving green buildings.
USGBC works toward its mission of market transformation
through its LEED green building certification program, robust
educational offerings, a nationwide network of chapters and
affiliates, the annual Greenbuild International Conference &
Expo, and advocacy in support of public policy that
encourages and enables green buildings and communities.
See USGBC.
State of California Green Building
Action Plan
An effort enacted by executive order via S-20-04 to
reduce the cost of building operation. Applied to new state
owned or operated buildings built and retrofits over 10K ft2.
Buildings are required to meet LEED silver rating or better.
All state government buildings are required to reduce grid
purchases by 20% by 2025.
Is it wise to mandate technological improvement ?
LEED
The LEED® green building certification
program is a voluntary, consensus-based
national rating system for buildings designed,
constructed and operated for improved
environmental and human health performance.
LEED addresses all building types and emphasizes stateof-the-art strategies in five areas:
• sustainable site development,
• water savings,
• energy efficiency,
• materials and resources selection,
• indoor environmental quality.
See the LEED rating systems
LEED Accredited Professional
LEED Professional Credentials (LEED AP
and Green Associate) recognize
professionals who have demonstrated a
thorough understanding of green building
techniques, the LEED green building rating
systems, and the certification process.
The LEED Professional Credentials program is administered
by the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI), which
was established with the support of USGBC to allow for
objective, balanced management of the credential program.
LEED Sustainable Site Credits
p132
Prerequisites:
• Construction activity pollution prevention: Reduce top soil erosion and
adverse impact to surrounding air & water quality.
Credits:
• Site Selection: Avoid sites that would cause negative environmental
impact. Prime farm land, sites less than 5ft above sea level, etc.
• Development Density: Preserve green fields by promoting high density
urban areas.
• Brownfield Redevelopment: Use & develop land that was previously
contaminated.
• Alternative Transportation: Reduce traffic congestion and air pollution.
• Site Development: Preserve habitats and promote bio-diversity.
• Storm Water management: Prevent disruption of natural water flow.
• Heat Island Effect: Reduce micro-climate effects between building and
surrounding area.
• Light pollution Reduction: Keep light limited to the site.
LEED Water Efficiency Measures Credits
p134
Credits:
• Water-efficient Landscaping: Minimize use of potable
water for landscaping purposes.
• Innovative Water Technologies: reduce demand for
potable water.
• Water Use Reduction: reduce water usage and demand
on municipal water sources.
LEED Energy and Atmosphere Credits
p135
Prerequisites:
• Fundamental commissioning of building energy systems. Verify project
design goals.
• Minimum Energy Performance. Establish a minimum energy efficiency
standard for the building.
• Fundamental refrigerant management. Reduce ozone depleting
refrigerants.
LEED Energy and Atmosphere Credits
p135
Credits:
Optimize Energy Performance: Increase energy performance above the
prerequisite standard in order to reduce environmental impacts.
On-site Renewable Energy: Encourage use of sustainable and
renewable energy.
Additional Commissioning: An enforcement measure to verify that a
building is constructed and performs within its expected parameters.
Enhanced Refrigerant Management: Involve installation of HVAC,
refrigeration, and fire suppression equipment that does not use hydro
chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) agents.
Measure and Verification: Optimize building energy consumption and
provide a measure of accountability.
Green Power: Encourage purchase of power made from green sources.
LEED Material and Resources Credits
p137
Prerequisites:
• Storage and Collection of Recyclables: Promote recycling of
construction waste material.
Credits:
• Building Reuse: Promote reuse of materials already on-site.
• Construction Waste Management: recycle demolition and land
clearing materials.
• Material Reuse: Use recycled materials for new construction.
• Recycled Content:
• Regional Materials: Promote use of locally made products.
• Rapidly renewable Materials: Promote use of rapidly renewable
materials.
• Certified Wood: Promote use of wood as a construction material.
LEED Indoor Environmental Quality Credits
p139
Prerequisites:
• Minimum Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Performance: To
promote health and welfare of occupants.
• Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control:
Mandates dedicated smoking areas that remove the
smoke from the building.
• Daylight and Views:
LEED Indoor Environmental Quality Credits
p139
Credits:
Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring: Monitor and notify if air quality
deteriorates.
Increased Ventilation: Intended for HVAC systems to promote outdoor
fresh air circulation.
Construction (IAQ) air quality management plan: manage air quality
during construction.
Low emitting materials: Reduce indoor air contaminant from airborne
particles.
Indoor Chemical and Pollutant source Control: Prevent air and water
contamination by pollutants.
Controllability of Systems: Provide localized distributed control of
ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting.
Thermal Comfort: Measure and provide environmental comfort for
occupants of building.
Daylight and Views: Promote architectural space and maximum outdoor
views and interior sunlight.
Greenbuild International
Conference & Expo
Greenbuild is the world’s largest conference and
exposition dedicated to green building. Launched in 2002, it
has quickly become the can’t-miss event for the green
building industry. Each year, tens of thousands of
professionals from all over the world are drawn to
Greenbuild by outstanding educational sessions and
speakers, green building tours, special seminars and
networking events, and a huge exhibit hall featuring the
newest products and technologies.
See http://www.greenbuildexpo.org/Home.aspx
NREL LEED Platinum Plus Office Building
In 2010 NREL in Golden Co. moved into their new LEED
Platinum Plus office building. It is intended to save money
through reduced operating costs and serve as a test lab for
office building design. It has many innovations and a lot of
building monitoring.
Energy Efficient windows &
siding on South facing wall
Windows on North side designed to let
in maximum light and keep heat in.
NREL LEED Platinum Plus Office Building
Employees are encouraged to use public transportation to
& from work. Cars can be parked under building in winter
but, in summer they are parked outside.
Employees work in cubicles
with low walls for better air
circulation. Each person is
allowed 75W total. LED
lighting and low power laptops
are used.
Windows automatically darken in
direct sunlight to keep heat out.
LA Audubon Center
The Audubon Center at Debs Park in Los Angeles is a
cutting-edge green building that is a model of sustainable
architecture. It was certified as the nation’s first LEED
Platinum building from the U.S. Green Building Council, the
nation’s leading authority on sustainable building practices.
TriCom Office Building p146
The Tricom Building
anticipates receiving LEED
certification by the U.S.
Green Building Council.
Once certified, The Tricom Building will be the first LEED
certified building in Pasadena and sets an ambitious
standard for energy and resource efficient commercial
buildings.
The Art Deco Design offers the comfort and amenities of
executive offices as well as warehouse and showroom
space.
Warehouse Rochester New York
(LEED gold rated facility)
p147
Roof integrated solar panels: 23.1KW total
DC fluorescent ballasts: 13.7KW used for lighting.
rest of PV array power converted to AC for general
use or sale back to utility. No inverter losses for
lighting.
Occupancy sensors: turn lights off when no one there.
Daylight sensors: Drop power to lights from 1.1W/m2 to
0.74W/m2 when sky lights provide some natural light.
Water and Life Museum
A LEEDTM-rated Sustainable Project
p151
Sustainable Sites: Built on Excess property from a dam
construction. Small building footprint allows open land.
Water Efficiency: Native vegetation and drip irrigation .
Energy and Atmosphere: Low energy design (good use of
shading etc.
Mechanical System: Radiant flooring for both heating &
cooling.
Solar Power Generation: 549KW of PV on roof.
Materials and Resources: Built using local and recycled
construction materials.
Innovation and Design Process: Museum teaches energy
efficiency.
Hearst Tower New York
p155
Built in 1927, remodeled in 2001. Retained 6 story façade of original
building. Hearst Tower is the first green building completed in New
York City, with a number of environmental considerations built into the
plan. The floor of the atrium is paved with heat conductive limestone.
Polyethylene tubing is embedded under the floor and filled with
circulating water for cooling in the summer and heating in the winter.
Rain collected on the roof is stored in a tank in the basement for use in
the cooling system, to irrigate plants and for the water sculpture in the
main lobby. The building was constructed using 80% recycled steel.
Overall, the building has been designed to use 25% less energy than
the minimum requirements for the city of New York. First building to
receive LEED Gold certification from the USGBC.
See LEED points checklist on pages 156 & 7.
See pictures of Hearst Building online
Conclusion
The main objective of LEED is a combination of
energy-saving and environmental protection
measures that are intended to minimize the
adverse effects of construction and development.
Some of the measures discussed represent a
significant cost impact, the merits of which must be
weighed and analyzed carefully. Architectural
ideas for saving energy, making a healthy building,
and protecting resources are shared.
Except for government buildings in California,
LEED is a voluntary program.