Download Chapter 3

DO NOW:
How do infections occur in
everyday life? List possible
ways you can become
infected with disease.
DISEASE TRANSMISSION
Part 1: Chapter 3
HOW INFECTIONS OCCUR

Pathogens
Microorganism, a disease causing agent
 They enter the body and sometimes overpower the
body’s natural defense and cause illness (infection)
 Most of the infectious diseases are caused by bacteria
and viruses


Bacteria & Viruses
Staph
HIV
HOW ARE THEY SPREAD???
If they are present
 If there is enough of the pathogen present to
cause the disease
 If the pathogen passes through the correct entry
site
 The person is susceptible to the pathogen

DIFFERENT TRANSMISSIONS
Direct Contact

When the infected
blood or body fluid
from one person
enters another
person’s body at a
correct entry site

Ex. Blood splashing in
the eye
Indirect Contact

Occurs when a person
touches an object that
contains the blood or
another body fluid of
an infect person, and
that infected blood or
other body fluid enters
the body through a
correct entry site
STOP AND THINK
What are ways blood born
pathogens can enter the
body in a first aid
situation.
HOW INFECTIONS OCCUR VIDEO
PRECAUTIONS
Standard precautions are safety measures
taken to prevent exposure to blood and body
fluids when giving care to ill or injured persons
 Personal Hygiene

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Wet your hands with water
Apply antimicrobial liquid soap to your hands
Rub your hands vigorously for at least 15 sec,
covering the entire surface of the hand
Rinse hands with water
Dry your hand thoroughly with a paper towel
Turn off faucet using the paper towel
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Equipment that helps keep you from directly contacting
infected material:
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Wear disposable gloves
Remove jewelry, such as rings, bracelets, and watches before
wearing the gloves
Cover any cuts, scrapes or sores prior to putting on protective
equipment
Do not use disposable gloves that are discolored, torn or
punctured
Do not clean or reuse disposable gloves
Change gloves before you give care to a different victim
Wear protective coverings

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Use breathing barriers

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mask, eyewear or gown, whenever you are likely to come in contact with
blood or other body fluids
Resuscitation masks or face shields
Remove disposable gloves without contacting the soiled part of
the glove
CLEANING UP A BLOOD SPILL
-Clean
up ASAP
-Wear
disposable
gloves
-Wipe
up with
absorbent material
-Sterilize
the area
where spill
occurred
-Dispose
properly
DISPOSING OF CONTAMINATED MATERIAL
CPR POCKET MASK
IF YOU ARE EXPOSED

Notify a police officer or other professional on the
scene AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
OBTAINING CONSENT
Permission to treat the victim
 Before treating a conscious patient you have to
tell the victim:

Who you are
 Your level of training
 The care you would like to give


Implied Consent

If the victim is unconscious or unable to respond due
to the illness or injury it is assumed they would want
the care
GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
Immunity protection for a citizen responder from
being sued or found financially responsible for
the victims injury
 These laws were enacted to encourage people to
other in emergency situations
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Fire
Presence of toxic gas
Risk of drowning
Risk of explosion
Collapse structure
Uncontrollable traffic hazard
Before acting considering the
following
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Dangerous conditions at the scene
The size of the victim
Your physical ability
Whether others can help
The victims condtion
REACHING AND MOVING VICTIMS
C-C-C
 Only move a victim if they are in
immediate danger

EMERGENCY MOVES
Walking Assist
Pack-Strap Carry
EMERGENCY MOVES (CONT)
Two-Person Seat Carry
Clothes Drag