Download Semester Exam I Review

Semester Exam I Review
Semester Exam on Tuesday December 17, 2013
You will need to read each question and answer each to the best of your ability.
Vocabulary words will need to be defined on YOUR OWN PAPER. You may use your
old Science Notebooks and /or dictionary to answer vocabulary words.
You will be responsible for answering all questions in class and for homework.
Completed review is due on Monday as soon as you walk in the door.
1. Procedures: established or correct methods of doing something
2. Preventative Safety Equipment: Equipment used to help prevent an accident. Ex:
goggles, apron, gloves, etc…..
3. Emergency Safety Equipment: Equipment needed when an accident has happened. Ex:
fire extinguisher, eye wash station, gas shut off
4. Atoms: the smallest portion into which an element can be divided and still retain its
properties
5. Protons: A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom and has a positive charge.
6. Electrons: A subatomic particle of an atom that is found in the electron cloud and has a
negative charge.
7. Groups: The vertical columns found on the Periodic Table of Elements.
8. Periods: Horizontal rows found on The Periodic Table of Elements.
9. Periodic Table: a table of the chemical elements arranged according to their atomic
numbers
10. Periodic Trend: Patterns that are found in the Periodic Table of Elements.
11. Atomic Number: The number that tells you the location of an element on the Periodic
Table of Elements.
12. Reactivity: taking part in a chemical reaction
13. Chemical Formula: a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent
elements
14. Chemical Equation: a representation of a chemical reaction using symbols of the
elements to indicate the amount of substance, usually in moles, of each reactant and
product
15. Balanced Equation: An equation that has the same number of elements and atoms on
both sides.
16. Coefficient: the number placed before an element symbol
17. Subscript: a character that is printed on a level lower than the rest of the characters on
the line, e.g. the "2" in the chemical formula "H2O"
18. Product: a substance produced in a chemical reaction
19. Reaction: A change or transformation in which a substance decomposes, combines with
other substances, or interchanges constituents with other substances
20. Chemical Change: any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition
and structure of the substances involved (CGLTP)
21. Physical Change: a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a
change in chemical composition
22. Speed: distance an object travels in a certain amount of time
23. Velocity: The direction and distance an object travels in a certain amount of time
24. Acceleration: the rate at which something increases in velocity
25. Law of Inertia: An object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion, unless
an unbalanced force is applied
26. Law of Force and Motion: If the mass of an object remains constant, then acceleration
increases as the force increases.
27. Law of Action and Reaction: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
28. Unbalance Force:
29. Action: the way somebody or something moves or works, or the movement itself
30. Reaction: A change or transformation in which a substance decomposes, combines with
other substances, or interchanges constituents with other substances
31. Plate Tectonic Theory: Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that attempts to explain the
movements of the Earth's lithosphere that have formed the landscape features we see
across the globe today.
32. Lithosphere: The lithosphere is basically the layer of the Earth that is strong enough to
flex rather than flow.
33. Continental Drift Theory: The theory that states that the continents are slowly moving
away from each other.
34. Trench: A deep depression of the sea floor caused by the subduction of one plate under
another
35. Fault: A crack in the Earth’s crust where rocks slide past one another. Different types of
faults may form based on direction of plate movement (divergent, convergent, and
transform).
36. Rift: An area in the middle of a continental plate where the plate is beginning to separate.
A large valley will form in the area as the crust thins.
37. Topographic Map: A map that shows the three dimensional shape and elevations of an
area of land in two dimensions.
38. Satellite Map: A map made of pictures of the Earth taken from a satellite orbiting the
Earth
39. Contour Line: Line that connects places on a topographic map that are all at the same
elevation (eventually a closed loop)
40. Relief: The difference between the highest elevation point and the lowest elevation point
on a map
41. Topography: The study of the shapes and features of the Earth’s surface.
42. Elevation: The height above sea level.
43. Gravity: the attraction due to gravitation that the Earth or another astronomical object
exerts on an object on or near its surface
44. Centripetal Force: a force that pulls a rotating or spinning object toward a center or axis
45. Kinetic Energy: the energy that an object has as a result of moving
46. Short Answer Questions:
1. Alfred Wegner believed in what theory? Pangaea What 2 Continents did he believe fit
together like puzzle pieces? South America and Africa
2. What part of the crust did scientist believe was responsible for the movement of the plate
of the Earth’s crust? Lithosphere
3. What is the formula for Speed? Speed = Distance divided by Time.
4. What is the formula for Force?
Force = Mass Times Acceleration
5. What is the formula for Acceleration? Acceleration = Force Divided by Mass
6. What is the formula for Mass?
Mass = Force Divided by Acceleration
7. What is the difference between Speed and Velocity? Speed is the distance an object
travels in a certain amount of time.
Velocity is an object’s speed and direction at a given time
8. List the four types of Boundaries and explain each.
Convergent: Areas where plates move toward each other and collide, causing uplift.
→←
Divergent: Areas where plates move away from each other, forming either mid
oceanic ridges or rift valleys. ← →
Transform: Areas where two plates grind past each other resulting in faults such as
the San Andreas. Earthquakes often occur at fault lines. ↓ ↑
Subduction Zone: Convergent boundary where an oceanic plate is pushed beneath
continental plate forming a trench. The oceanic crust melts resulting in the
formation of volcanoes.
9. What causes the sliding, folding, and faulting of rocks? The movement of what we
know to be the plate tectonics.
10. Know how to read a topographical map:
Space between contour lines is called: Contour Line Interval Dark solid lines represent:
Equal Elevation above sea level. Dotted Lines represent: Running water source “V
shaped areas help you follow what? River or water sourceThe area from highest
elevation to lowest elevation: Relief
11. A student pushes a 25 kg grocery cart at Wal-Mart with a force of 2 Newtons. Determine
the acceleration of the cart.
A=F÷M
A = 2N ÷ 25 kg
A = 12.5 m/s/s
12. Draw an image of three classmates on either side of a tug-of-war. Label names and
amount of Force. Draw in arrows to demonstrate direction force is being applied.
a. Show one image where the force is 25N in one direction and 25 N in the other.
25 N
25N
b. Show one where there is a force of 30 N on one side and a force of 60 N on the
other.
60 N
30 N
13. When we did the Speed of a Tennis Ball Lab, what was the velocity and speed of the
ball? 8.1 m/s/s South
14. List and explain Newton’s Three Laws?
Law of Inertia: An object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion,
unless an unbalanced force is applied.
Law of Force and Acceleration: If the mass of an object remains constant, then
acceleration increases as the force increases.
Law of Action and Reaction: "For every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction."
15. List equipment needed to conduct an experiment dealing with vinegar and baking soda?
Graduated cylinder, Beaker, Spoon, Triple Beam Scale, Safety Goggles, Apron,
Thermometer.
16. What are the five items that identify a chemical Reaction? Remember (CGLTP)
City/Country
Girls/Guys
Love
Their
Phones
Color
Gas
Light
Temperature
Precipitate
17. Identify the three subatomic particles found in an atom. Tell me where they are found in
an atom and what type of charge they have.
Proton: Nucleus, Positive
Neutron: Nucleus, Neutral
Electron: Electron Cloud, Negative
18. What was the name of the scientist that is famous for creating the Periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
19. What are the limitations of any model?
Not the same size, not the same texture, not real, ect…….
20. What are the advantages of any model?
Gives you an idea of what it looks like, able to have it sized (If real item is
large, brought down to scale, If item is small, scaled to be able to see.)
21. Draw an atom model of Boron, Carbon, and Oxygen? Label each Proton, Neutron,
Electron, Nucleus, and the Electron Cloud. Identify and label the valence electron of
each.
Oxygen Atom
22. Draw a Venn Diagram of Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration.
distance
an object
travels in
a certain
amount
of time
distance
an object
travels in
a certain
amount
of time
distance
an object
travels in
a certain
amount
of time
a change
in velocity
Direction an
object
travel
Direction an
object travel
23. Draw a Venn Diagram on Proton, Neutron, and Electrons.
24. Be able to read a periodic table. Know where to find: groups, period, metals, non-metals,
metalloids, noble gases, alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, and halogens. Use your
Science Book to answer this question.
25. How do you determine valence electrons? Valence Electron are the electrons found in
the outer shell.
26. Write the chemical formula for photosynthesis. Identify the elements and the number of
atoms found in each element.
6
Carbon
6
Carbon
18
Oxygen
18
Oxygen
12
Hydrogen
12
Hydrogen
27. NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
Nitrogen = 1
Nitrogen = 1
Hydrogen = 4
Hydrogen = 4
Chlorine = 1
Chlorine = 1
a. Are the elements in the reactants and products the same? Yes
b. Are the numbers of atoms of each element in the reactants and products equal?
Yes
c. Is the equation balanced? Yes If not, what is missing? Nothing
28. 2H2O + O2  2H2O + OH
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
Hydrogen = 4
Hydrogen = 5
Oxygen = 4
Oxygen = 3
a. Are the elements in the reactants and products the same? Yes
b. Are the numbers of atoms of each element in the reactants and products equal?
No
c. Is the equation balanced? No If not, what is missing? The reactant side needs
one more Hydrogen atom and the Product side needs one more Oxygen
atom.
29. 2 Na2O2 + 2 H2O 
4 NaOH + O2
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
Sodium = 4
Sodium =4
Oxygen = 6
Oxygen = 6
Hydrogen = 4
Hydrogen = 4
a. Are the elements in the reactants and products the same? Yes
b. Are the numbers of atoms of each element in the reactants and products equal?
Yes
c. Is the equation balanced? Yes If not, what is missing? Nothing
30.
Review your notes on The Eight Stations on Newton’s Laws. See your Science
Notebook for this.