Download Biology Cell Labs - Oregon School District

Cell Unit Objectives
Upon conclusion of this unit the learner will:
1. Demonstrate the proper care and use of the microscope as an aid
in the investigation of cell structure.
2. Explain the importance of cells as the basic units of structure and
function of all of living things by identifying cell parts and their
functions.
3. Explain equilibrium in terms of osmosis and diffusion.
Vocabulary you should be familiar with:
Chromosomes
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Nucleolus
Centriole
Nuclear membrane
Cell Wall
Diffusion
Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth
Osmosis
and rough)
Plasmolysis
Ribosome
Exocytosis
Lysosome
Endocytosis
Golgi Body
Phagocytosis
Vauole
Equilibrium
Cytoplasm
Concentration Gradient
Mitochondria
Active Transport
Cytoskeleton
Passive Transport
Cell membrane
Biology Cell Labs
Name __________________________ Hour _____
HW DUE Monday SEPTEMBER 8
Lab 1
Microscope
Exploration
Due:_______________
Pre-Lab
Drawings 1 and 2
Questions 1 and 2
Follow up Questions
0 1 2
0 1 2
0 1
0 1
Homework
Cell parts &
functions
Due:_______________
Questions 1-4
0 1 2 3
Questions 5-10
0 1 2 3
READ CHAPTER 5 in
Text book by Tuesday
_______ / 16 possible points
3
3
2
2
1. Crayon
2. Calculator
3. Coin
4. Deck of card
5. Jolly Rancher
5. Key
6. Checker
8. Dice
7. Hot Wheels Car wheel
9. Crème Saver
Lab 1
Microscope Mania
Prelab Questions:
Label all parts on this Compound microscope:
First: What is it?
Study the mystery cards and try to identify each one. They are all common objects you
would find in your home or in the classroom.
# __________________
# _________________
# _____________________
# __________________
Second: Make it Simple.
1. You will need one slide and an eye dropper and a small cup of
water to create a simple lens.
2. Then place the slide over the top of the letter “e” in the box to
the right.
What happens?
e
3. Now, use the paper at your table and cut out a letter preferably an “e”.
4. Move the nosepiece to the lowest objective lens(shortest one).
5. Place the “e” on the slide. Center the slide on the stage under the microscope (turn
the light on).
6. Focus the letter “e” using the microscope as shown in class using the coarse
adjustment know. Use the fine adjustment knob to sharpen the image.
7. Once it is in focus. Move the letter “e: up and down, side to side while looking
through the eyepiece.
What happens?
Cover Slip
Drop of water
Third: Pond Water Critters
1. Preparing a wet-mount you must place one drop
of pond water in the middle of the slide
2. Place a cover slip over the slide.
3. Place on the stage of your microscope, BE SURE
THAT THE OBJECTIVE IS ON LOW POWER!
4. Looking at the stage use the coarse adjustment
knob to bring the stage all the way up.
*always rinse and dry your
slide and cover slip before
the end of class*
5. While looking through the eyepiece adjust the stage down with the coarse
adjustment until the objects appear. You may then use the fine adjustment to
further focus on one particular organism.
6. To change from one power to another simple twist the nosepiece. Then re-focus
using the FINE ADJUST ONLY!
7. You should be able to locate several specimens from both plant-like and animal-like
quite easily.
Plant-like could be any examples of algae that you find. Label any obvious cellular
structures that are evident that you may already know from 7th grade such as cell wall,
nucleus, chloroplasts, cytoplasm and cell membrane. Record a few notes concerning
what you have located, this could include: name, size, condition, organizational
arrangement, color, etc. Then draw one of your examples in the space provided that
includes some detail of the organism you found.
Notes:
Name if known
Magnification
Color
Other
Draw Plant-like
Animal-like are often going to be protozoa and small multicellular organisms that will be a
bit more difficult to locate. Many examples of this group will be unicellular and most likely
very small. In many cases, specimens will be fast moving and difficult to keep in the field
of view and focused.
Viewing tips: prepare slides with a bit of algae or something to act as a net, trapping
protozoa into a confined space for easier viewing. Record a few notes concerning what
you have located, as mentioned above. Then draw one of your examples in the space
provided that includes some detail of the organism you found.
Notes:
Name if known
Magnification
Color
Other
Draw Animal-like
Questions:
1. Which magnification provides the widest angle of viewing? Explain why?
2. When centering an object under the microscope, which way does the object appear to
move when you move the slide to the
Right?
Left?
Up?
Down?
3. Is it easier to locate objects under low of high power? Explain why?
4. Explain why you need to center a specimen in the field of view before switching to a
higher power.
5. In middle school you learned about cells. What cell parts do you remember? List as
many as you can think of.
6. Solve the magnification problems below:
Ocular lens
5x
10x
10x
Objective lens
10x
5x
35x
=
=
=
Total magnification
_______________
_______________
_______________
Biology Homework: Cell
1. What is the basic unit (or building block) of living organisms?
2. How are new cells made?
Cell Structure
All cells are enclosed by a cell membrane. Within the membrane are the nucleus and the
cytoplasm, which consists of all the material outside the nucleus and inside the cell
membrane. Within the cytoplasm are organized structures that perform specific functions.
These structures are called organelles. Cells vary greatly in the details of their form and in
the special functions they perform. However, most cells have certain features in common.
The diagram below represents an animal cell. Plant cells are different from animal cells
and we’ll discuss that further as we proceed.
3. Use the following list to color the structures indicated in the drawing of the animal
cell.
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
Chromosome
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golfi Body
Vacuole
4. Fill in the names of the structures whose functions are listed below.
Structure
Function
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Contains the hereditary information
Storage of water, undigested food, and or wastes
Active in movement of the chromosomes during cell division
Storage of digestive enzymes
Transport within the cytoplasm
Golgi Body
Cell Membrane
The cell, or plasma, membrane surrounds the cell. It plays an active role in determining
which substances enter and which substances leave the cell. Because some substances
can pass freely through the cell membrane and others cannot, the membrane is said to be
selectively permeable or semipermeable. The permeability of the plasma membrane
varies from one cell type to another and from time to time in the same type of cell,
depending on the state of metabolic activity. The cell membrane is composed of lipids
and proteins. The picture below show a view of what a section of the cell membrane
looks like.
http://home.earthlink.net/~dayvdanls/membrane1.GIF
5. Describe the functions of the cell membrane.
6. Why is the cell membrane considered to be semi-permeable?
7. Which cell parts are surrounded by a membrane?
8. Is the membrane around the lysosome exactly the same as the membrane around
the golgi body? Why are these membranes different or the same?
9. Label the diagram below of a plant cell.
10. What three structural differences are there between an animal cell and a plant cell?
Answer the following questions on Page 140 in your Biology Textbook
#1
#2
#4
#6