Download AP Biology chap 2 HW - yhs

AP Biology: Chapter 2 Review HW
1. Which of the following elements is mismatched with its properties or function?
a.
Carbon--forms the backbone of organic compounds.
b.
Nitrogen--component of proteins.
c.
Hydrogen--very electronegative.
d.
Oxygen--can participate in hydrogen bonding.
e.
All of these are correctly matched.
2. Which of the following applies to a neutron?
a.
positive charge and located in an orbital
b.
negligible mass and located in the nucleus
c.
positive charge and located in the nucleus
d.
uncharged and located in the nucleus
e.
uncharged and located in an orbital
3. P, a radioactive form of phosphorus, has:
a.
an atomic number of 32.
b.
an atomic mass of 15.
c.
an atomic mass of 47.
d.
32 electrons.
e.
17 neutrons.
4. Which of the following facts allows you to determine that atom A and atom B are
isotopes of the same element?
a.
They each have 6 protons.
b.
They each have 4 neutrons.
c.
The sum of the electrons and neutrons in each is 14.
d.
They each have 4 valence electrons.
e.
They each have an atomic mass of 14.
5. H and H have:
a.
different chemical properties, because they have different atomic numbers.
b.
the same chemical properties, because they have the same number of
valence electrons.
c.
different chemical properties, because they differ in their number of
protons and electrons.
d.
the same chemical properties, because they have the same atomic mass.
e.
the same chemical properties, because they have the same number of
protons, electrons, and neutrons.
6. Sodium and potassium atoms behave similarly in chemical reactions because:
a.
they have the same number of neutrons.
b.
each has a single valence electron.
c.
they have the same atomic mass.
d.
they have the same number of electrons.
e.
they have the same number of protons.
7. The orbitals composing an atom's valence electron shell:
a.
are arranged as concentric spheres.
b.
contain the atom's least energetic electrons.
c.
may change shape when covalent bonds are formed.
d.
never contain more than 1 electron each.
e.
more than one of the preceding is correct.
8. Which of the following bonds and properties are correctly matched?
a.
ionic bonds--are strong only if the participating ions are hydrated
b.
hydrogen bonds--are responsible for bonding oxygen and hydrogen to
form a single water molecule
c.
polar covalent bonds--can occur between two atoms of the same element
d.
covalent bonds--may be single, double, or triple
e.
hydrogen bonds--are stronger than covalent bonds
9. In a redox reaction:
a.
energy is transferred from a reducing agent to an oxidizing agent.
b.
a reducing agent becomes oxidized as it accepts an electron.
c.
an oxidizing agent accepts a proton.
d.
a reducing agent donates a proton.
e.
the electrons in an atom move from its valence shell to a shell closer to its
nucleus.
10. Water has the property of adhesion because:
a.
hydrogen bonds form between adjacent water molecules.
b.
hydrogen bonds form between water molecules and hydrophilic
substances.
c.
it has a high specific heat.
d.
covalent bonds hold an individual water molecule together.
e.
it has a great deal of kinetic energy.
11. The high heat of vaporization of water accounts for:
a.
evaporative cooling.
b.
the fact that ice floats.
c.
the fact that heat is liberated when ice forms.
d.
the cohesive properties of water.
e.
capillary action.
12. Water has a high specific heat because:
a.
hydrogen bonds must be broken to raise its temperature.
b.
hydrogen bonds must be formed to raise its temperature.
c.
it is a poor insulator.
d.
it has low density considering the size of the molecule.
e.
it can ionize.
13. A solution at pH 7 is considered neutral because:
a.
its hydrogen ion concentration is 0 mol / L
b.
its hydroxide ion concentration is 0 mol / L
c.
the product of its hydrogen ion concentration and its hydroxide ion
concentration is 0 mol / L
d.
its hydrogen ion concentration is equal to its hydroxide ion concentration
e.
it is nonpolar
14. A solution with a pH of 2 has a hydrogen ion concentration that is ________ the
hydrogen ion concentration of a solution with a pH of 4.
a.
1/2
b.
1/100
c.
2 times
d.
10 times
e.
100 times
15. Which of the following cannot function as a buffer?
a.
phosphoric acid, a weak acid
b.
sodium hydroxide, a strong base
c.
sodium chloride, a salt that ionizes completely
d.
a and c
e.
b and c
16. NaOH and HCl react to form Na+, Cl-, and water. Which of the following statements
is true?
a.
Na+ is an anion, and Cl- is a cation
b.
Na+ and Cl- are both anions
c.
a hydrogen bond can form between Na+ and Cld.
Na+ and Cl- are electrolytes
e.
Na+ is an acid, and Cl- is a base
17. Which of the following statements is true?
a.
The number of individual particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) contained
in one mole varies depending on the substance.
b.
Avogadro's number is the number of particles contained in one mole of a
substance.
c.
Avogadro's number is 1023 particles.
d.
One mole of 12C has a mass of 12 g.
e.
b and d
18. Review the image and answer the following
questions.
How many electrons are required by energy level L for
this level to be filled?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2
8
10
16
19. What energy level(s) must be filled with electrons
before level M can hold electrons?
A.
B.
C.
D.
level N
level L
level K
levels K and L
20. How many protons are in the nucleus of an
electrically neutral atom that has filled energy shells
K, L, and M?
A. 10
B. 12
C. 18
D. 20
21. Review the image and answer the following
questions.
Why is water a polar molecule?
A. because water originated as ice
B. because the oxygen atom is so much larger than the
hydrogen atoms that it exerts a greater pull on the
electrons, creating an area of electronegativity
C. the hydrogen atoms together create a greater pull on
the electrons and cause the molecule to be polar
D. the positive charges of the hydrogen ions repel
electrons, sending them toward the oxygen end of the
molecule
22. What type of bond forms between each hydrogen atom
and the oxygen atom of a water molecule?
A. ionic bond
B. hydrogen bond
C. covalent bond
D. double covalent bond
23. The unique molecular structure of water, its
resultant polarity, and the hydrogen bonds that occur
between adjacent water molecules, are responsible for
what trait that is important to living organisms?
A. Water is a universal solvent.
B. Water molecules are cohesive.
C. The temperature of liquid water rises and falls
slowly.
D. All of these are correct.
24. Review the image and answer the following
questions.
Why is water considered "the universal solvent"?
A. Water dissolves any polar or nonpolar substance.
B. Water dissolves nonpolar substances readily, unlike
most other fluids.
C. Water is considered the universal solvent only
because of its abundance on the earth.
D. Water readily causes polar substances to come apart,
making it an excellent biological solvent.
25. When salt crystals are placed in water, the sodium
and chloride ions cannot reform salt crystals. Why not?
A. Water molecules form hydration spheres surrounding
and separating the sodium and chloride ions.
B. In water, the ionic charges are reversed, so the
sodium and chloride ions repel each other.
C. The salt crystals are permanently altered by being
placed in water.
D. Chemical reactions occur when salt enters the water,
making new compounds.
26. Review the image and answer the following
questions.
What is true about the relationship between the pH of
tomatoes and the pH of coffee?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tomatoes are less acidic than coffee.
Tomatoes are 10X more acidic than coffee.
Coffee is 100X more alkaline than tomatoes.
Coffee is 10X more acidic than tomatoes.
27. What is true about a substance with a pH of 7?
A. The substance is neither acid or base.
B. It has 10-7 M hydrogen ion concentration.
C. The number of hydrogen ions equals the number of
hydroxyl ions in solution.
D. All of these are correct.