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Cell Membrane Transport Review Use the terms below to complete each sentence. Not all the words are used. facilitated diffusion diffusion amino acids protein carriers Exocytosis pinocytosis endocytosis hormones phagocytosis ATP hypertonic solution isotonic solution hypotonic solution osmotic pressure plasmolysis passive transport glucose osmosis ions CO2 polar nonpolar O2 H2O starch active transport gradient shrink swell lyse turgor pressure protein higher lower surface area to volume ratio Materials move into and out of cells using different mechanisms. In order for molecules to move, a concentration 1.________________________ must exist across the membrane. There are three types of 2. ______________________________, which require NO ENERGY: 3.______________________, 4 .______________________________, and 5._______________________. In diffusion, small 6. __________________ molecules can move directly through the phospholipid membrane, such as 7.__________________ and 8.__________________ In facilitated diffusion, 9 .__________________help move polar substances, or slightly larger molecules such as 10. _________________,11.__________________, and 12.__________________ across the membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. A special type of diffusion, called 13._____________________________ moves only 14.__________________ molecules through the membrane. If cells are submerged in a 15.___________________________ solution, water moves INTO the cell, causing the cell to 16. _____________________. 17 ._____________________ is the pressure the water exerts from the inside and pushes out against the membrane. If this pressure gets too great, animal cells may 18.__________________. Plant cells are protected from cell lysis by the cell wall. The pressure exerted on the cell membrane in a plant cell is referred to as 19.__________________, making the cell rigid and stiff. In a 20 .________________________ solution, the water molecules are at equilibrium. Water moves OUT of the cells when submerged in 21 ._________________________solutions, causing the cell to 22.__________________. In plant cells, the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall as water moves out. This process is called 23.__________________. 24 ._____________________ is a type of transport that requires energy in the form of 25 .__________________. Membrane protein pumps use this energy to pump substances AGAINST the gradient from a region of low concentration, to a region of high concentration. Bulk transport includes movement of large molecules INTO the cell by 26 .________________________. For example, large macromolecules, like 27._______________________ and 28 ._________________________ move into the cell to supply nutrients. “Cell eating” of solids moving into the cell is called 29 .________________________. “Cell drinking” or liquid movement into the cell is 30 ._________________________). When substances, like 31 ._____________________ are processed by the Golgi bodies, they are put into vesicles and move OUT of the cell by 32 .__________________. Exchange efficiency with the environment is subject to a cell’s 33 .___________________________________________. The 34 .__________________ the ratio is, the more efficient the cell!
