Download C - TSG@MIT Physics

C. OSCILLATIONS
Harmonic Motion
C1
Air Cart between Springs: A cart connected by springs to both ends of
an air t
C2
Mass on a Spring: An adjustable mass hanging from a spring demon-
strates
C3
Circular and Simple Harmonic Motion: The motion of a motor-driven
ball rot
C4
Spray Paint Oscillator: A can of spray paint is attached to a spring
oscillat
C5
Simple Pendulum: Various size balls and lengths on a string can be
shown
C6
Giant Pendulum: A 15Kg ball is hung from the ceiling in
lecture
C7
Physical Pendulum: An irregularly-shaped object exhibits harmonic
C8
Rigid Pendulum: An iron ball swings at the end of a rigid rod.
C9
Different-Shaped Pendulums with the Same Frequency: A mass
on a sp
C10
Two Pendulums with Different Amplitudes: Two identical pendu-
lums ar
Damped & Undamped Masses on a Spring: Two equal masses on
a
C11
oscillations.
C.
26-100.The
motion
OSCILLATIONS (Cont.)
Harmonic Motion
C12
Oscillating Steel Ball on a Track: A ball traveling on a curved track
has the
C13
Multiple Potential Well: A ball bearing travels on a track with a multiple
different points on the track.
of equa
C14
Air Spring with Oscillating Steel Ball: A glass column is attached to
damped and quickly dies out after several oscillations. This is really
a demonstration
of the difference between adiabatic and isothermal
measurements of specific
heat.
a
C15
U-Tube Oscillations: A U-shaped clear plastic tube filled with fluores-
cent-dy
C16
Torsional Balance Oscillator: A torsional balance has a constant-
torque
C17
Simple Harmonic Motion with Damping: Two identical mass and
spring
Coupled Oscillators
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C18
Two Pendulums Coupled with a Rod: Two identical pendulums are
coupled
C19
Two Rigid Pendulums Coupled with a Spring: Two rigid pendulums
are cou
C20
5 Driven Air Carts Coupled with Springs: Five carts coupled together
can be attained. This demonstration can
also be done with three carts on a 1.5 m air
track.
with six
C.
OSCILLATIONS (Cont.)
C20a
3 Driven Air Carts Coupled with Springs: Same as above except
three c
C21
Weighted Hacksaw Blade: A hacksaw blade has a weight attached to
each e
C22
Wilberforce Pendulum: A mass-spring system has two coupled vibra-
tional m
C23
Damped Ballistic Galvanometer: An approximately critically damped
ballistic
Center of Percussion
C24
Horizontal Baseball Bat:The effect of striking a baseball bat at its center
of perc
C24a
Hanging Baseball Bat: A baseball bat is hung vertically from a rod. The
effect o
C25
Rod and Ping-Pong Balls: A wooden rod is placed between two ping-
pong b
Waves
C26
Projection Model of Wave Motion: A frame carries five wire forms
mask can be used to expose the display of
the sine waves one after the other.
bent in
C27
Bell Lab. Wave Machine: Rods ranging in size from 10 cm to 40 cm
matching, reflection at the boundary between two media, and
superposition. The end
of the rods are painted to make the wave motion
visible when illuminated with UV
light. The machine can also be
motor-driven.
are
C.
OSCILLATIONS (Cont.)
C27a
Longitudinal Wave Demonstrator: Wave motion phenomenon
including propagation, reflection, interference and a number of resonant
modes can be shown
C27b
Longitudinal Wave Spring: A small spring is connected vertically to a
mecha
C28
Torsion Pendulum (Travelling Wave): A 20-ft-long torsion pendulum
is susp
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C29
Phase and Group Velocity: A three ft. apparatus shows phase and
when illuminated with UV light.
group v
C30
Wave in a Chain: A long beaded chain is looped over a motor pulley.
chain maintaining its shape for
some time.
The mo
C31
Ripple Tank: This ripple tank produces clear, stable wave patterns that
vividly d
C32
Fourier Synthesizer: A synthesizer is available to demonstrate:
-Addition of sine waves of the same frequency;
-Addition of sine waves of different frequencies;
-Beats;
-Fourier analysis;
-Gibbs phenomenon (width of overshoot narrows as the number of
-Music;
-Lissajous figures.
Also, the synthesizer, connected to an oscilloscope and an external
the part of the lecturer.
speake
Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
C33
C.
Stretched Spring and Slinky: A stretched spring shows transverse
wave m
OSCILLATIONS (Cont.)
C34
Magnesium Bars and Hammer: Longitudinal waves are set up in
Magnesium and Aluminum rods by striking the ends with a hammer.
Wiping
the rods gently with one's finger, outward from the center, removes
any transverse
wave. Touching the ends removes the longitudinal wave.
C34a
Traveling Longitudinal Wave: The apparatus consists of 21 black steel
to one end of the rods will initiate a wave
pattern which propagates to the other end.
The tops of the rods are
painted white and have a fluorescent dot on one side.
rods, e
Standing Waves
C35
Vibrating Spring (Hand-Driven): A long spring, clamped or held by a
tape 5-05:06:18
studen
C36
Vibrating String (Motor-Driven): A transverse motion generating
machine creates vibrations in a stretched length of surgical tubing. A strobe
light allows nodal patterns to be more easily seen.
Ref: hb x89; wl tape 5-05:08:42
C37
Vibrating Membrane with Strobe: An oscillator signal is used to excite
vibratio
C38
Chladni Figures (Speaker-Driven Plate): A thin metal sheet, fixed in
the cen
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C39
Chladni Figures (Cello Bow-Driven Plates): Three thin metal
sheets of different shapes are stroked with a cello bow. A thin layer of sand
the surface rearranges itself to delineate nodes and antinodes.
C40
on
Oscillating Soap Film: A soap film on a ring is driven by a loudspeaker.
The film
Sound Waves
C41
Wave Beats: The signals from two separate oscillators of different
frequencies are mixed and their resultant is displayed on an oscilloscope.
C.
OSCILLATIONS (Cont.)
C42
Organ Pipes: Open and closed organ pipes, ranging in size from 10 cm
to
C43
Various Whistles: A large British warning horn, a duck coil, and a small
siren w
C44
Tuning Forks and Sounding Boxes: A large number of tuning forks
Ref: wl tape 5-05:16:47
with or
C45
Tuning Fork and Microphone: The sound of a tuning fork is picked up,
Ref: wl tape 5-05:17:40
amplifie
C46
Coupled Tuning Forks: Two identical tuning forks are placed on the
Ref: wl tape 5-05:24:10
table w
C47
Xylophone: The demonstrator can exhibit his/her musical talent.
C48
Change in Frequency of Voice with Helium: Helium introduced into
a reson
C49
Audio Mixing: Signals from two audio generators are mixed and the
result is
C50
Tone Bursts: Tone bursts are produced, displayed on an oscilloscope
and he
C51
Interference of Sound Waves: Two loudspeakers, driven by an audio
nodes resulting from the interference of
the
two sources.
Ref: wl tape 6-06:20:50
genera
Standing Sound Waves
C52
Standing Waves in a Glass Tube using a Speaker and
Microphone: A speaker connected to an audio oscillator is placed at one
end of a 2.5-meter glass tube. The oscillator is tuned to the resonant frequency of the glass tube.
C.
OSCILLATIONS (Cont.)
C52
Standing Waves in a Glass Tube using a Speaker and
Microphone (Cont.): A microphone connected to an oscilloscope is
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drawn
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down the length of the tube. Standing waves in the tube and the
between them are recorded on the scope.
distance
C53
Two Speakers Facing Each Other with a Microphone in
between:
Two speakers, mounted on the lecture table and facing each
other, are driven by an
audio generator. A microphone is introduced
between the speakers and the sound
waves are displayed on an
oscilloscope.
Speed of Sound
C54
Microphone on a Lens Bench: A speaker and microphone are
mounted on a lens bench facing one another. A phase measurement
between
the speaker and microphone signals is made on an oscilloscope.
The
distance
required to traverse through a 360º phase shift is noted.
Knowing the frequency and
distance, the speed of sound is computed.
C55
Microphone in a Long Tube: A speaker is placed at one end of a
5meter long tube which can be filled with Helium. A microphone is placed
inside the
tube. The delay between the input signal and the microphone
signal is measured
once with the microphone halfway in the tube, and once
with the microphone at the
end of the tube opposite the speaker. From these
measurements, the speed of sound
can be calculated.
Doppler Shift
C56
Doppler Shift using a Tuning Fork: A 4000 Hz tuning fork is stricken
the Doppler shift effect. The tuning fork is then
oscillated parallel to the rows of
seats. This time the audience will not hear
the Doppler shift.
Ref: wl tape 6-06:44:00
and mo
C57
Doppler Shift using a Corrugated Plastic Tube: A length of
corrugated rubber tubing is swung by hand, and a frequency modulation
can be heard in the plane of rotation.
Ref: wl tape 6-06:46:08
C57a
Doppler’s Principle of Apparatus: This set-up consists of a 60cm rod
easily recognizable musical tone. (cont.)
C.
fitted w
OSCILLATIONS (CONT.)
C57a
Doppler's Principle of Apparatus (cont.): The students can observe
that the
Resonance
Mechanical Resonance
C58
Driven Cart on an Air Track: A cart is connected by a spring to one
fixed en
C59
Driven Mechanical Oscillator: A mass on a spring is driven by a large
geared
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C60
Driven Torsional Balance Oscillator: A torsional balance is driven by
a moto
C61
Wood block on a Rubber Hose: A wood block is attached to the center
the block oscillates with maximum amplitude.
of a lon
Audio Resonance
C62
Resonant Air Column in a Glass Tube: A thin, long glass tube is
mounted vertically with an opening at the bottom from which an ink-water
mixture can be added. A small speaker excites resonant modes in the air
column above the ink water column. Resonant points can be heard, and the
corresponding level of the liquid marked on the glass.
C63
Large Flask Audio Resonator with a Cork: A microphone is placed
also be done with an air gun blowing across the
mouth of the flask.
C64
Resonant Cavity with Swept Frequency: A large flask can be
used
to demonstrate resonant cavities. A microphone is placed into the
cavity while a speaker is directed at the mouth. A function generator is used
sweep the frequency from below the fundamental to about 10X that. (cont)
C.
inside a
to
OSCILLATIONS (CONT.)
C64
Resonant Cavity with Swept Frequency (cont.): The flask resonates
C65
Rikji Tube: A very large pipe can be made to resonate by using a meeker
Ref: wl tape 5-05:21:50
C66
Breaking Glass w/Sound: A wine glass can be broken by an intense
at the f
sound
used.
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