Download Benchmark 1 Study Guide Answers 1. mMechanical: m-

Benchmark 1 Study Guide Answers
1.
1. mMechanical:
2. m--must have a medium to travel through
3.
-can be transverse OR compressional
Electromagnetic:
-can travel through empty space OR a medium
-can only be transverse
2. wavelength: the distance between one adjacent crest or trough & another
frequency: the number of waves that pass a point in a certain amount of time
amplitude: a line from the halfway point to the crest or trough
Speed: a measure of the distance a wave travels in a certain amount of time
3.
4. refraction: the bending of a wave
reflection: the bouncing back of a wave
5. transmission: a wave passes through a medium
absorption: the energy of the wave is not transferred through or reflected by a medium
6.
cornea: transparent front surface of eye where light waves enter and are refracted;
protects
lens: refracts light & focuses light waves onto the retina
retina: tiny nerves transfer the energy of light waves to nerve impulses
7. If a color is absorbed, you don’t see it; if a color is reflected, you do see it
8. rotation: an object spinning around on its axis; Earth’s rotation takes 24 hours (1
day)
revolution: one object going around another object (orbit); Earth takes 365 ¼
(365.25) days to revolve around the Sun
9. transparent: object looks see-through, MOST light is transmitted through the
object
translucent: object looks blurry, SOME light is transmitted through
opaque: can’t see-through the object, NO light is transmitted through
10. asteroid: a rocky body that varies in size and shape located in the asteroid belt
between Mars and Jupiter
11. comet: a celestial object that orbits the Sun, containing a head made of icy water,
methane, ammonia, & dust and a tail that emerges as it approaches the Sun
12. A meteoroid is a space rock that orbits the Sun; if that rock enters a planet’s
atmosphere & burns up, it is considered a meteor; if that rock strikes a planet or
moon, it is called a meteorite
13.
Photosphere (C)
Corona: (E)
Sunspots: (A)
Prominences: (D)
Solar Flares: (B
E
14. electrically charged particles of magnetic energy released from the Sun; auroras
15. mass: the amount of matter in an object;
weight: the gravitational pull on an object
gravity pulls on both, but mass does not change due to gravity & weight does change
16. a. spiral
elliptical:
irregular:
b. spiral, the Sun is located in a spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy 2/3s from
the center
17. light year: the distance light travels in a year
18. radios, tvs, cell phones, wireles networks, etc.
19. The Reflector optical telescope uses mirrors to collect light to produces
larger, brighter images
The Refractor optical telescope uses convex lenses to collect light to
produces larger, brighter images
Radio telescopes receive radio waves emitted from objects in space; can be
used any time of day in any weather
Spectroscopes collect and separate light from stars into color bands & uses
those bands to identify star elements
Satellites are in orbit around Earth & use special instruments & telescopes to
collect data to be sent back to Earth to be interpreted
Space Probes travel out of Earth's orbit to dangerous places using different
instruments for different missions
20. Universe: contains all matter and energy in existence;
As the universe expands & galaxies move apart, the wavelength of light emitted
from those galaxies is stretched, shifting the light toward the red end of the
spectrum. The more distant or faint a galaxy, the more rapidly it is moving away
from Earth.