Download Lost - Rosshall Academy

S1 – Lost Summary Notes

Important terms:

Solute – the dissolved substance in a solution

Solvent – the substance in which the solute is dissolved

Solution – the product made when a solute is dissolved in a solvent

Soluble – a substance is able to be dissolved

Insoluble – a substance will not dissolve
Filtration - process where
insoluble solids can be
separated from a liquid.
Evaporation – the
process of turning a
liquid in to a gas and can
be used to separate
solids from liquids
Distillation – the process of
separating liquids based on
different boiling points

Fermentation is the process of converting sugar in to alcohol. The sugar is fermented
with yeast (an enzyme) to help speed up the reaction. The equation for this is:

Distillation can be used to increase the percentage of alcohol by separating the
ethanol from water.

Signs of a chemical reaction:
Temperature change
Gas given off (effervescence)
Colour change
A new substance is formed

In every chemical reaction a new substance is always formed.

We can speed up a chemical reaction by using a smaller particle size, increasing the
temperature or increasing the concentration.

Fertilisers are chemicals which are essential for plant growth. They must contain
nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) or potassium (K). These are known as essential elements.
Examples of natural fertilisers are manure or compost.

All metals have a different reactivity. Metals can be listed in order of their
reactivity (e.g. magnesium, zinc, iron, tin, copper).

Their reactivity will have an effect on what they are used for. For example a metal
like lithium which is very reactive in water would not be a suitable metal to construct
pipes.

A metal’s reactivity will also affect how we find them in nature and how they are
extracted. We can dig up gold or silver but need to heat copper to extract it from its
ore.
All you need to make a chemical cell/battery is 2
different metals and an electrolyte.
This can provide us with energy. We can also burn a
fuel as this reaction will produce lots of energy.

Renewable energy is useful because it can be made from natural sources.
Examples of renewable energy are:
 Wind power
 Solar power
 Tidal power
 Hydroelectric power
 Wave power
 Solar power
S1 – Lost Practice Test
1. Explain, using a labelled diagram, how you separate a solid from a liquid. (2 marks)
2. Complete the definitions in the table:
(2 marks)
Word
Solvent
Solute
Soluble
Insoluble
Definition
3. State what happens in every chemical reaction.
(1 mark)
4. Fermentation is the process by which alcohol is made from sugar.
a. Write a word equation for this reaction.
(Remember a gas is given off!)
(1 mark)
b. How can the percentage of alcohol be increased?
(1 mark)
5. State two ways that a chemical reaction can be made quicker.
(2 marks)
6. Using the information in the table put the metals in order of reactivity, starting
with the most reactive.
Metal
Gold
Potassium
Magnesium
Reaction with water
No reaction
Loud pop and lots of fizzing
Fizzes gently
(3 marks)
7. Name two of the three essential elements found in fertilisers.
(1 mark)
8. State an advantage and a disadvantage of renewable energy.
(2 marks)