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Modelling forest ground
vegetation on landscape scale
Larisa Khanina1, Maxim Bobrovsky2,
Alexander Komarov2, Alex Mikhajlov2
1Institute
of Mathematical Biology,
Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Russia
2Institute
of Soil Physics, Chemistry, and Biology,
Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Russia
DynamicDATA EU25+
Regional Workshop I
EFIMOD
PAR
Climate
Initialisation
Available PAR for trees, ground
vegetation and natural regeneration
T
1
R
2
E
3
E
.
S
n
Ground
vegetation
Ground
Vegetation
Natural
regeneration
Redistribution of soil available nitrogen
Model of soil organic matter ROMUL
Forest manager
Ecosystem
production
Data viewer
Graph interface
Soil features
Trees renewal
3D visualisation
At the first step
· an approach
· an algorithm
· a special software
to calculate dynamics of ground
vegetation diversity at a level of
forest stand on a base of
· Forest Inventory Data
· forest simulated results
Our approach
plant species functional groups in
ground vegetation modelling
ecological-coenotic species groups
introduced in Nitsenko (1969)
Species ordination
Ellenberg’s
scores (by ordination
ecological
of phytosociological
indicator
relevés)
species values
Multivariate analysis
Results of multivariate analysis
ca. 1000 forest vascular species were
split into the functional groups
Boreal
Vaccinium myrtillus, Maianthemum bifolium,
Pyrola rotundifolia, Linnaea borealis
Nemoral
Asarum europaeum, Aegopodium podagraria,
Galeobdolon luteum, Milium effusum
Piny
Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pteridium aquilinum,
Antennaria dioica, Calluna vulgaris
Nitrophilous
Aconitum septentrionale, Stellaria nemorum,
Urtica dioica
Meadow
Fragaria vesca, Alchemilla sp., Dactylis glomerata
Water/Olg
Caltha palustris, Typha angustifolia, Carex globularis
To use the groups for modelling
dynamics of ground vegetation
· to define the dominant group
at the initial step of simulation
· to define rules of the group switching
according to dynamics of the
simulated parameters
tree species composition,
light supply, deadwood volume, litter,
soil fertility and moisture
Definition of dominant species
groups at the initial step
Forest Inventory Data
Dominant species
in ground
vegetation
Dominant group(s)
in ground
vegetation
Database on
ecological-coenotic
groups of plant
species
Definition of dominant species
groups at the initial step
Forest Inventory Data
Dominant tree
species
Forest Site Index soil fertility and
moisture
Regional probability tables
of correspondence
Tree Dominant –
Forest Site Index Dominant group in ground vegetation
Forest type biodiversity
assessment
Forest Type =
Tree dominant + Dominant
group in ground vegetation
Vegetation
Sample Plots Data
Forest type biodiversity indices
•Average number of plant species per square unit
•Functional structure of ground vegetation
Modeling of forest ground
vegetation
EFIMOD simulations
Tree species composition
Stand characteristics from
Forest Inventory Data
Vege tation
(forest)
type
Soil organic matter and nitrogen
Deadwood
Dominant tree
species in
overstory
Dominant tree
species in
overstory
Dominant
ecologo -coenotic
group in ground
vegetation
Dominant
ecologo -coenotic
group in ground
vegetation
time 1
time n
Vege tation
(forest)
type
BioCalc - a software for
dynamic analysis of forest
ground vegetation diversity
BioCalc input data
· tables of probabilistic distribution of
the groups in ground vegetation
according to the tree dominant and
the forest site index
· a correspondence table between a
forest type and species diversity rank
· a time series table of forest stand
ecosystem parameters (EFIMOD runs)
Rules of functional groups
switching
User of the BioCalc software selects from the time
series tables – in an interactive mode – thresholds for a
number of ecosystem parameters.
Reaching these thresholds causes a change of the
dominant ecological-coenotic group.
The user can observe all values of any ecosystem
parameter displayed graphically
Rules of functional groups
switching
If the values are digital, a graphic is built where the
values go in ascending order, which allows for easy
detection of the thresholds
BioCalck outputs
Dynamics of
· ground vegetation functional
groups,
· forest types, and
· species diversity ranks
A link with Common-GIS (Andrienko,
Andrienko, 1999) for visual exploration
of ground vegetation dynamics at the
landscape level
A case study experimental forestry
“Russkii Les”
273-hectare
forest lot with
104 stands
Four strategies of silvicultural regimes for
200 years time span:
·natural development
·legal clear cutting
·selective cutting
·illegal clear cutting
Case study rules of functional
group switching
(i) meadow group switched to boreal group when
spruce began to dominate in overstorey
(ii) any group switched to nemoral when oak began to
dominate in overstorey
(iii) piny group switched to boreal group when
deadwood overpassed the 1st threshold value
(iv) any group switched to nitrophilous group when
deadwood overpassed the second threshold value,
and
(v) nitrophilous group switched to nemoral group
when deadwood fell below the 2nd threshold value
Case study rules of functional
group switching
In the scenarios with clear cuttings:
after the clear cutting, a dominant group
was taken from a specially designed
probabilistic table of the group distribution
in ground vegetation designed for the afterclear-cutting conditions
Tree dominant dynamics
Natural development
Selective cuttings
Legal clear cuttings
Illegal clear cuttings
Tree dominant dynamics
200-year dynamics
Natural
development
Legal
selective
cutting
Legal clear
cutting
Illegal clear
cutting
The beginning
Deadwood dynamics
Functional group dynamics
Natural development
Legal selective cuttings
Legal clear cutting
Illegal clear cutting
Functional group dynamics
200-year dynamics
Natural
development
Legal
selective
cutting
Legal clear
cutting
Illegal clear
cutting
The beginning
Species diversity dynamics
Species diversity dynamics
200-year dynamics
Natural
development
Legal
selective
cutting
Legal clear
cutting
Illegal clear
cutting
The beginning
Tree dominant dynamics – regional level
50-year dynamics
1 Pine, 2 Spruce, 3 Birch, 4 Aspen
I initial state, II legal clear-cutting, III natural development
Functional group dynamics– regional level
50-year dynamics
I initial state, II legal clear-cutting, III natural development
Species diversity dynamics – regional level
50-year dynamics
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 – ranks of species diversity
I initial state, II legal clear-cutting, III natural development
EFIMOD parameters for ground
vegetation dynamics
used
tree composition
deadwood
in progress
humus amount
nitrogen amount
in plan
light
soil moisture
Thank you for your attention!