Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Global Science Issues: Mid-term Study Guide Environmental leaders: John Muir - __Founded Sierra Club, lost eye sight temporarily in factory accident swore to devote life to nature/god if regained Aldo Leopold – 1887-1948) ”Sand County Almanac” collection of essays on nature/environment Teddy Roosevelt- _1901-09 26th president, War hero, Outdoorsman. Increased protected land from 43 million-194 million acres (size of Maine-Virginia) Rachel Carson – 1907-1964, In 1962 ”Silent Spring” book about pesticide use killing birds Ecofootprint: _Measure of human demand/use on earth’s resources Overshoot: _Use of resources exceeding ability of earth to replenish the supply Carrying Capacity: _Max. population an ecosystem can support Biodegradable: _Capable of being broken down naturally. Ex. By bacteria Photodegradable: _able to be broken down by light Population: _Tot. # of organisms in an ecosystem Survival Needs What are the 5 survival needs? For each state how families in developing countries meet them. • Food, Water, Energy, Air, Shelter (housing, clothing) • • • • Food: grow few crops/raise few animals Water: collect from well/water-way Energy: Fire/fire heated oven Shelter: Timber-built, mud/adobe built houses. Make own clothes w/fabric. Which survival needs would most certainly be provided by the natural environment of a. Antartica – water, air b. Mountain forest – food, water, air, shelter, energy(wood for fire) c. Desert - air d. Jungle – food, water, air, shelter, energy What is your 1st concern if stranded in the wilderness? SHELTER! Ecology Biotic = living things; animals, plants, bacteria Abiotic factors = Non-living things; soil, water Producers (autotrophs)= produce their own food, ex. Plants Consumers (herbivores=eat plants, carnivores= eat meat, omnivores=eat both, meat/plants) 10% law of Energy transfer = only 10% of energy in ecosystem is transferred to trophic level above it Primary succession - No life existed before. Life initially establishes itself. Ex. Volcano formed island. Secondary Succession – Life RE-Establishes AFTER disaster. Ex. Wildfire *Study Biodiversity PPT notes* Biomes Study Guide for Mid-Term Tundra - Finnish word “tunturi”=treeless plain Artic & Alpine (High Altitudes, rocky mtn. tops) Alpine –cold, icy/snowy, windy. 10,000 ft+ high. trees can’t grow at high altitudes. *Northernmost Biome *Very cold and mostly treeless *Permafrost – permanently frozen subsoil Prevents roots of trees penetrating and growing Very short growing season = 2 months *Frozen soil thaws in summer making large swampy mess “Patchwork of bogs & swamps” Plants: Grasses and mosses Animals: artic foxes, caribou, snowshoe hares Soil: Thin, nutrient-poor (extreme cold prevents decomposition) Taiga (Boreal forest) Parts of Canada, Alaska, Russia *Largest Land biome *Coniferous Forests =”Evergreen trees”, thin waxy needles Ex. pines, spruce, etc Plants: lichens, mosses Animals: Moose, bear, wolves, linx; some hibernate Temperate Forests *Deciduous trees = lose leaves in fall *All seasons present, but overall moderate climate Plants: maple, oak, hickory trees, etc Animals: Deer, foxes, raccoons, squirrels Soil: fertile, w/layer of decaying material Tropical Forest (rain forest) Occur near the equator, No Winter Soil is Nutrient-poor, due to leaching and quick decomposition rainforest layers: 1)Canopy- overlapping top of trees 2)Understory- not a lot of light, plants have Bigger leaves to get light 3)forest floor – decomposing material, little plants Animals: Largest biodiversity (# of different species) Grasslands (Savannas) *a.k.a.- praries(N.Amer.), Pampas(S.Amer.), steppes (Asia) veldt (S.Africa) Savannas=almost half of Africa, hottest/Dryest of grasslands Hot, Dry and rainy season. Dry season w/wildfires to clear/renew vegetation. Plants: Grasses Dominate Animals: Grazing animals, ex. Bison. *Soil: rich, fertile...Transformed into farmland for wheat, corn “breadbasket of the world” Desert – about 20% of earth's land *Temps. Fall quickly at night...Dry air doesnt' insulate ground. *Plants: Waxy coating to prevent water loss, Ex. Cacti *Animals: Avoid heat of day by burrowing/finding shade. Active at night. 3 types of desert “semi-arid” - low amounts of rain in winter, not as hot as “hot-dry” desert and cool at night. “Coastal Desert” - moderately cool to warm areas, such as Atacama of chile “Cold Deserts”- Anartic, Greenland, Nearctic areas. Cold winters w/snow, moderate rain during winter and summer.