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CHAPTER 10: PERCEPTION AND ACTION Learning Objectives At the end of the chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Discuss the historical background of the ecological approach to perception. 2. Apply to concepts of optic flow (such as invariance and FOE) to a person driving a car. 3. Describe how texture gradients provide invariant information. 4. Define and give examples of the Gibsonian term “affordances”. 5. Describe the basic procedure and results of research that shows that people use flow information when driving and research that shows that people don’t have to have flow information when walking. 6. Discuss why it is important to have vision in keeping your balance. 7. Identify the neurons and brain areas that are believed to be responsible for navigation. 8. Describe the differences between skilled and novice gymnasts when doing somersaults. 9. Describe the strategy that outfielders use to catch a fly ball and dogs use to catch a Frisbee. 10. Define optic ataxia and discuss what this condition tells us about the link between sensory and motor functions. 11. Differentiate between visual-dominant, motor-dominant, and mirror neurons, and discuss why this difference is important. 12. Describe the procedure, results, and implications of Hasson et al’s (2004) study that used the film The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. 131