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Name ________________________________ A&P – FINAL EXAM REVIEW II Chapter 10 – The Nervous System _A_1. The amount of neurotransmitter released at the synapse is controlled by A. calcium B. sodium C. potassium D. magnesium _C_ 2. If the body had a low calcium level, this could affect the release of neurotransmitters by: A. increasing the quantity released from synaptic knobs B. breaking down acetylcholine to acetyl and choline in synaptic knobs C. causing a decrease in the amount released from synaptic knobs D. causing a greater amount to be synthesized & stored in synaptic vesicles _D_3. Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence? A. receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron, effector B. effector, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron C. effector, sensory neuron, receptor, interneuron, motor neuron D. receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector _C__4. Which of the following does not belong? A. summation B. facilitation C. divergence D. convergence _C_5. Which is an illustration of saltatory conduction? A. baseball fans doing the wave in a stadium B. electron flow between poles of a battery C. a flat stone skipping across a lake D. water flowing through a garden hose _dopamine____6. Patients with Parkinson’s disease have decreased levels of this neurotransmitter __oligodendrocyte___7. The type of neuroglia cell forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system __dendrites___8. The cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body, provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons __action threshold___9. The minimal stimulus needed to cause a neuron to transmit an impulse __Schwann_10. The cells that produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system Chapter 11 – The Brain & S.C. 11. If the area of the cerebral hemispheres corresponding to Broca’s area is damaged, a person loses the inability to __speak___. 12. Gray matter of the spinal cord is mostly composed of what type of neurons? __interneurons_____ D_13. The condition called spina bifida is characterized by an a. abnormality in neural tube development b. open vertebral column c. exposed spinal cord d. all of the above _D_14. Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? a. regulation of body temperature b. control of hunger c. production of hormones d. regulation of reflexes that control posture _____15. The portion of the brain involved in understanding speech & using words is located in the __temporal__ lobe of the cerebrum. 16. A person dreams during this stage of the sleep cycle _____REM_______ _grey commisure___17. The right & left gray matter of the spinal cord are connected by this _subdural hematoma__18. Disorder which is characterized by a buildup of blood below the dura mater. __medulla____19. Has the main centers for breathing reflexes __anencephaly_____20. A neural tube defect in a fetus characterized by having a brainstem but lacking most of the cerebrum Chapter 14 – Blood 21. The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when they are mature are _erythrocytes_. 22. _thrombocytes___ are best described as cytoplasmic fragments of cells. 23. The condition called cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of __deoxyhemoglobin______. 24. _megakaryocyte___This large cell breaks apart to form the thromobocytes in red marrow. 25. _eosinophil____ would increase with a parasitic infection. 26. ___neutrophil__ are the most abundant leukocyte and use phagocytosis to destroy unwanted particles. 27. ____basophil__ release heparin and are increased with allergies. 28. ___lymphocyte_____ form into T cells and B cells in the red marrow. 29. When oxygen is present in hemoglobin it is known as ___oxyhemoglobin_______. Chapter 15 – The Heart _B__30. The normal pacemaker of the heart is the a. Purkinje fibers b. S-A node c. A-V node d. bundle of His 31.__Arteries___ are strong, elastic blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart; 32. __Veins___ are less elastic blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. 33. Oxygenated blood is received by the __left___ __atrium___ of the heart. __epicardium___34. The visceral pericardium is also known as this __tunica intima_35. The inner lining of arteries ___chordae tendinae___36. Fibrous strings that attach to the A-V valves __papillary muscles__37. Muscles that open & close the A-V valves __endocardium__38. The inner lining of the heart 39. The primary pacemaker of the heart is the _SA__ node, located in the _R. Atrium____. 40. The valve that is located between the right atrium & right ventricle in the heart is the ___tricuspid_ valve.