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Sponges Common in coastal waters, tropical reefs and other marine habitats Small fish, shrimp, barnacles and worms make their home in or on sponges They don’t have organs or a nervous system They vary greatly in size and shape - tubular, flat, or vase-like Body is organized in a system of pores, canals and chambers Generally sessile-but some can move; some bore into shells of other animals Three Classes of Sponges 1. Class Calcarea- a small slender sponge with a skeleton made of calcium carbonate 2. Class Hexactinellida - Vase or funnel shaped sponges - known as the "glass sponge" because it has a skeleton made of silica - found in the deep water 3. Class Demospongiae- the natural sponge - the familiar bath sponge - skeleton composed of organic fibers (spongin) Morphology - Sponge cells must carry out the daily activities to sustain life (the same way that other animals use organs) - All have a canal system which they pump water. Water enters through pores called ostia, then flows through canals to a spacious chamber called spongocoel. It then exits the sponge through the oscula (the large opening). Specialized cells in the sponge Pinococytes- "skin cells" of the sponge that line the body wall Choanocytes - line the interior body wall of the sponges, also develop into gametes Collar cell - primary area where nutrients are absorbed. Flagella - assist in pumping water through the sponge Mesohyl - Area between the two walls Archaeocyte - Important because they have the ability to change into other types of cells; they ingest and digest food and transport nutrients Porocytes and Myocytes - help with he regulation of the flow of water through the sponge. Feeding - Water flows through the sponge to provide food and oxygen (and also allows for waste removal) - The flow is generated by the beating of the flagella - Sponges are able to regulate flow of water through their body - Feed by filtering bacteria, green algae, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria from the water. Reproduction - Sponges reproduce both sexually and asexually Sexually - The sperm are "broadcast" into the water column and then captured by the female sponge. - The sperm is then transported to the egg by the archaeocytes - The larvae are then released into the water column and settle to form juvenile sponges. Asexually -Produce buds that develop into adult sponges during the spring