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Yr12: Natural Hazards The Evolution of Plate tectonics theory A. The structure of the Earth. Exercise 1: Import a diagram that shows the Earth’s structure. Annotate it to explain the characteristic features of each of the layers. (Remember to consider structure according the physical and chemical characteristics) Exercise 2: Complete the table to summarise the differences between the two types of crust. Oceanic Crust Continental Crust Age Thickness Composition Weight Why is knowledge of the crustal characteristics important to your understanding of what happens at plate boundaries? Explain. B. Continental Drift Exercise 3: Define what the theory of continental drift is and explain why the theory was not initially accepted. Exercise 4: Describe and explain the evidence for the movement of continents over time using the following 4 categories: a) Continental jigsaw puzzle b) Geological evidence c) Biological evidence d) Climatological evidence 1 c. Theory of plate tectonics Exercise 5: What is the theory of plate tectonics? Describe and explain the key elements associated with the theory of plate tectonics. a) Define ‘Plate tectonic theory’ b) Label the major tectonic plates on the map below. c) Import a map of the world which shows a record of known earthquake and volcanic eruptions. Describe and explain the relationship between the occurrence of earthquakes and volcanoes and tectonic plate boundaries. d) Using a diagram, explain the theory behind the mechanism that causes crustal plates to move. Exercise 6: Describe and explain (using annotated diagrams) how the discovery of sea-floor spreading and Palaeomagnetism provided evidence to support the theory of continental drift, subsequently termed plate tectonics. (Hint: include a diagram showing the magnetic stripes in oceanic crust and explain how magnetism is recorded in the rocks) 2