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Unit 6 – Muscular System
Unit 6 Vocab/Root Quiz: Monday, Oct. 13
EQs/PS Due: Thursday, Oct. 15
PT Presentation (C. Cruzan): Wednesday, Oct. 15
Unit Test: Thursday, Oct. 15
Day 1
 Jack, a young man, is treated at the clinic for an accident in which he hit his forehead. When he returns for a checkup,
he complains that he can’t smell anything. A hurried X ray of his head reveals a fracture. What part of which bone
was fractured to cause his loss of the sense of smell?
 Old Norse stories tell of a famous Viking named Egil who lived around 900 AD. Is skull was greatly enlarged and
misshapen, and the cranial bones were hardened and thickened (6 cm, or several inches, thick!) After he died, his skull
was dug up and it withstood the blow of an ax without damage. In life, he had headaches from the pressure exerted by
enlarged vertebrae on his spinal cord. What bone disorder did Egil probably have?
Day 2
 Name three muscles or muscle groups used as sites for intramuscular injections. Which is the most often used for
babies?
 Maureen, a young woman, comes to the clinic with symptoms of muscle weakness. The nurse notes on the record that
her eyelids droop and her speech is slurred. What do you suspect is Maureen’s problem, and what blood test would
you run to support the diagnosis?
Day 3
 Gregor, who works at a pesticide factory, comes to the clinic complaining of muscle spasms that interfere with his
movement and breathing. A blood test shows that he has become contaminated with organophosphate pesticide. The
doctor states that this type of pesticide is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. How would you explain to Gregor what this
means?
Day 4
 In some women who have borne several children, the uterus prolapses (everts through the weakened pelvic diaphram).
The weakening of what muscles allow this to happen?
 The hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups are antagonists of each other, and each group is a prime mover in its own
right. What action does each muscle group perform?
Muscular System root-vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
epi/epimysium
peri/perimysium
endo/endomysium
myo/myoblasts
sarco/sarcolemma, sarcomere,
sarcoplasm
6. glyc/glycogen
7. neur/neuromuscular junction
8. trophy/atrophy, hypertrophy
9. aer/aerobic, anaerobic
10. cardio/cardiomyocytes
11. a/agonist
12. ant/antagonist
13. ex/extend
14. syn/synergist
15. ab/abduction
16. ad/adduction
17. arthro/diarthrosis
18. dis/dislocation
19. hyper/hyperextension
20. syn/synarthrosis
Unit 6 Vocabulary
voluntary muscle, involuntary muscle, intercalated
discs, myofibrils, myofilaments, myosin filaments,
actin filaments, neuromuscular junction, synaptic
cleft, neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, action
potential, muscle twitches, complete tetanus,
incomplete tetanus, aerobic respiration, anaerobic
glycolysis, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, muscle fatigue,
oxygen debt, isotonic contractions, isometric
contractions, muscle tone, flaccid, resistance,
antagonist, synergist, fixator, anabolic steroid,
muscular dystrophy, Duchene muscular dystrophy,
myasthenia gravis, endomysium, perimysium,
epimysium, tendon, and aponeurosis, skeletal
muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle,
sarcomeres, origin, insertion, flexion, extension,
rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction,
dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion,
supination, pronation, opposition
9. When death occurs rigor mortis sets in.
What happens to the muscles to produce this
and why?
Unit 6 Questions
12. Define the terms recovery period, oxygen
debt, and muscle fatigue.
Questions should be answered in well-constructed
complete sentences. All portions of question should be
addressed. No credit will be given for partial answers!!
1. Explain the 6 functions of the skeletal
muscles.
2. How are skeletal muscle fibers different
from you typical cell in Unit 3?
3. Put in order from smallest to largest the
following: muscle fiber, myofibril, fascicle,
skeletal muscle, actin, and myofilament.
4. Why is it important for skeletal muscles to
have an extensive blood supply network in
the epimysium and perimysium?
5. What are thin filaments called? Thick
filaments? How thick are they each in
diameter?
6. How are the words resistance, compression
and tension related to muscle contraction?
7. Explain the series of steps in the control of
muscle contraction.
8. The contraction cycle for a muscle can occur
several times per second. What 2
components must be supplied in order for
this to happen?
10. What is a muscle twitch?
11. Explain what a motor unit is. How many
muscle fibers are typically in a motor unit?
The fewer the muscle fibers the______(fill
in) the more fine control over that area of
the body.
13. How are slow and fast fibers different?
Which is better for endurance activities like
the marathon?
14. In relation to slow and fast twitch muscle
fibers, explain the reasons why chickens
have white meat on their breasts and dark
meat on their legs.
15. List several differences between cardiac
muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue. Be
specific.
16. Explain where smooth muscles are found
and what characteristics they have.
17. List the functions of the meniscus, fat pads,
ligaments, and tendons in a joint.
18. How are a sprain and a dislocation different?